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Tarkabhāṣāṭīkā

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śrīḥ

Tarkabhāṣāṭīkā

apraskhalitalakṣyeyamanukūlā matirmama |
darśane darśane bhūyādyathāvadavabodhinī || 1 ||

āptānāṃ mānanīyānāmādeśamanupālayan |
karomi tarkabhāṣāyā vyākhyāmanativistṛtām || 2 ||

pramāṇanirūpaṇapradhānaṃ prakaraṇamārabhamāṇaḥ prathamamāripsitasya prakaraṇasyābhidheyaprayojanaṃ darśayannavatārayati prakaraṇam -- ihetyādinā pramāṇaṃ nirṇetavyamityantena | svarūpato lakṣaṇataḥ phalaśca pramāṇanirṇayaḥ prakaraṇasyāsya sākṣātprayojanamiti gamyate | prakaraṇasyāsyābhidheyaṃ ca pramāṇamityarthasiddham | yadyapi nibandhāvasāne vaibhāṣikādimatabhedacatuṣṭayaṃ diṅmātreṇa jñāpyate | athāpi prādhānyaṃ pramāṇasya | pramāṇapathaṃ nirṇīya pravarttamānānāṃ puruṣārthasiddhiriti paramaṃ prayojanaṃ 'sarvapuruṣārthasiddhinimittaṃ pramāṇamanusaradbhi' rityanena gamyate, ye yatante na te sarve'ryamanu | arthavidhure'pi mandānāmārambho hi dṛśyate | arthino'pi na sarve pramāṇamanusaranti | paśūnāmiva pāmarāṇāṃ bahūnāmavicāritapramāṇasvarūpāṇāmapyarthāya pravṛttdṛṣṭā | prekṣāpūrvakāriṇo'pi ye punaraptakāmā akāmā vā na teṣāṃ pramāṇāpekṣā | ye tu prekṣāparāyaṇā arthinaste puruṣārthasiddhaye pramāṇamanusareyureva | tadidamabhipretyāha -- prekṣāparāyanārthibhiriti | prekṣāvatāṃ nibandhe pravṛtyaṅgamabhidheyaprayojanamiti vyaktīkṛtaṃ bhavati | yadyapi puruṣārthasiddhaye prekṣāvadbhiḥ prameyasvarūpamapi nirṇetavyam | athāpi prameyasiddhiḥ pramāṇādhīneti prameyanirṇayataḥ prāk pramāṇasvarūpaṃ nirṇetavyam, idamabhipretyocyate -- ādāviti | etena prameyasvarūpanirūpaṇaparānnibandhāt pramāṇasvarūpanirūpaṇaparasyāsya nibandhasya prādhānyaṃ gamyate |

atha pramāṇasāmānyalakṣaṇamāha -- pramāṇaṃ samyagjñānamapūrvagocaramiti | pramāṇamiti lakṣyanirdeśaḥ | samyagjñānamapūrvagocaramiti lakṣaṇanirdeśaḥ | jñāne samyaktvaṃ niravakti- avisaṃvādakamiti | samyaktvaviśeṣaṇasya prayojanaṃ nirūpayannāha -- saṃśayeti | saṃśayaviparyayau yadyapyapūrvagocarau, athāpyavisaṃvādakatvaṃ nāstīti nātiprasaṅga iti bhāvaḥ | saṃśayaviparyayayoravisaṃvādakatā nāstītyetadupapādayannavisaṃvādakatvaṃ vyācaṣṭe -- gocare tu tatsthāne ghaṭādau satīti | pradarśitamarthe prāpayad jñānamavisaṃvādakamiti yāvat | nañdvayaniveśāccaladvakṣādibhramo vyāvartyate | jalādipratyakṣaṃ jalāya pravarttayat puruṣaṃ jalaṃ prāpayati | marīcikājalaṃbhramastu jalāya pravarttayat puruṣaṃ jalaṃ na prāpayati | ato nāprasaṅgātiprasaṅgau |

prāpaṇayogyatvamiti yogyatvaniveśānnāvyāptiśaṅkāvakāśa ityetacchaṅkāparihāramukhena nirūpayati -- nanvityādinā | kadācit -- asati lipsādau | prāpayat janayadvā prāpayet, pravartayadvā, yathā vidyā vivekaṃ janayantī prāpayati, devadatto yajñadattaṃ karmasu pravarttayan dhanaṃ prāpayati | tatra sataścārya na samyakjñānena jananam, nāpi pravarttayat prāpayatyaṃarthaṃ sarvameva jñānam, avadhṛte'pyarthe'pravṛttidarśanāt, tat arthaprāptyādhāyakatvarūpamavisaṃvāditvamavyāptamiti bhāvaḥ | pariharati-nati | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - avisaṃvādakatvaṃ nārthaprāptyādhāyakatvam, api tvarthaprāpaṇayogyatvameva, tacca pravarttanaśaktatālakṣaṇaṃ, sā cārthanirṇayādhānameva | yena nirṇayena pravṛttaḥ puruṣo'sati pratibandhe pradarśitamarthaṃ prāpnuyādeveti | āha ca dharmottarācāryaḥ -- ' pravarttakatvamapi pravṛttiviṣayapradarśakatvameva, na hi puruṣa iva haṭhāt pravartayituṃ śaknoti vijñānam ' iti, (nyāyabinduṭīkā. pa. 3) āha ca kamalaśīlaḥ -- avisaṃvāditvaṃ cārthakriyāsamarthāryaprāpaṇaśaktikatvaṃ na tvaryaprāpaṇameva' iti ( tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā pa. 312).

pramāṇakāryamarthaparicchittiviśeṣaṃ nirūpayaṃstadādhānamātreṇaiva pramāṇasyārthakriyāsamarthavastuprāpaṇayogyatāsampattimupapādayati -- apitvevaṃbhūte'sminnityādinā | evaṃ sphuṭamavabhāsamāne'sminnirbhāsyamāna ākāro nānyasminnityavadhāraṇaṃ kāryam, idamevāvadhāraṇaṃ pramāṇakāryamiti bhavaḥ | āha ca kamalaśīlastatvasaṃgrahapañcikāyām ' pratyakṣaṃ kalpanāpoḍhamapi sajātīyavijātīyavyāvṛttamanalādikamarthaṃ tadākāranirbhāsotpattitaḥ paricchindadutpadyate tacca niyatarūpavastugrāhitvādvijātīyavyāvṛttavastvākārānugatattvācca tatraiva vastuni vidhipratiṣedhāvāvirbhāvayati ' analo'yaṃ nāsau kusumastabakādiriti' iti ( tattva. pa. pa. 390) āha ca tatraivānupadam -- ' jñānaṃ hi viṣayākāramutpadyamānaṃ viṣayaṃ paricchindadiva savyāpāramiva bhavati' ayamevārthaprāpaṇavyāpāro jñānasyeti | (tatvasaṃ-pañci. pa. 399) idaṃ cāhottaratra -- 'arthakriyārthino'bhimatamarthaṃ prāpayat pramāṇamucyate, na cārthadeśaṃ puruṣamupasarpayadarthaṃ vā puruṣadeśamānayat prāpakaṃ bhavati, api tu puruṣaṃ pravarttayat, taṃ ca puruṣaṃ na hastena gṛhītvā pravarttayati, kiṃ tarhi ?, pravṛttiviṣayamupadarśayat, tathopadarśanaṃ pratibhāsamānārthāvasāyānnānyat' iti | (tattvaḥ pañci. pa. 783) etāvataiva -- niścayotpādanādeva | prāmāṇyamaviruddham -- prāpaṇaśaktimattvāt prāmāṇyamakṣatamiti yāvat |

kvacitpravṛttyabhāvaḥ kvacitpravṛttāvapyarthālābhaḥ svasvasāmagryabhāvaprayukta iti pramāṇasya prāmāṇyamakṣatamevetyetadupapādayati -- puruṣastviti | pramāṇaphalamarthanirṇayaḥ, nirṇīte prayojanatvabuddhiḥ pravṛttau kāraṇaṃ, pravṛttāvapi tadalābhaḥ pratibandhāditi phalaphalibhāve bhedādalābhādapravṛttervā pramāṇasya prāmāṇyaṃ na pratirudhyata iti bhāvaḥ | idamevābhipretyāha -- tadā jñānasya kimāyātamiti | āha ca śāntarakṣitaḥ-

'viṣayādhigatiścātra pramāṇaphalamiṣyate' iti (tattvasaṃ. pa. 398)

śaṅkate-nanvidamiti | ayamāśayaḥ-purataḥ sannihitamavalokayataḥ sapadi bhavati pratyakṣaṃ nāmajātyādikalpanārahitaṃ nirvikalpakamanirdhāraṇātmakam, idamidameveti niścayastu savikalpakaḥ pratyayaḥ, tat jātamātre pratyekṣe yatprāmāṇyasmavisaṃvādakatvamarthaprāpaṇayogyatvaṃ tadarthakriyāprāptimantareṇa na vijñāyate, atha kathamucyate samyak jñānamiti | avagate hi samyaktave pravṛttirbhavediti | pariharati - naiṣa doṣa iti | ayamāśayaḥ-eṣaḥ-jātamātre pratyakṣe arthaprāpaṇayogyatvānavagamaḥ, doṣo na, na hi tasya tāvatā naisargikamarthakriyāprāpaṇayogyatvamapaiti | pravṛttistvarthaprāptisaṃbhāvanayā bhavedeva | iyāṃstu viśeṣaḥ-yo mandabuddhiḥ jātamātre jalapratyakṣe na tasya prāmāṇyamavadhārayituṃ śaknoti; snānapānādikriyāṃ dūrāt pareṣāṃ paśyannavadhārayati jalamiti, bhavati cārthaprāpaṇayogyatvagrahaḥ | amandabuddhistu prakāśavaśadyena idamidameveti sapadyavadhārayati avadharayati ca sapadi prāmāṇyamiti |

śaṅkate-nanu yadyapīti | ayamāśayaḥ-yadyapi cākṣuṣaṃ pratyakṣaṃ svagocaramarthamarthakriyāsamarthaṃ prāpayatītyarthakriyāprāpaṇalakṣaṇamavisaṃvāditvaṃ tasyāsti | śrāvaṇe tu pratyakṣe na tad ghaṭate, śrotreṇāvabhāsyate śabdaḥ kevalam, yadā kaścit kasmaicit kimapyupadiśati tadā tadvacanamavadhāryate kevalam, cakṣuṣā prakāśita ivārthe nārthakriyāsthitiḥ kā'pīti | pariharati-neti | ayamabhiprāyaḥ-arthasvabhāvanirdhāraṇamevāvisaṃvāditvaṃ saiva kvacidarthakriyāsthitiḥ | candrasūryameghacitrādīnavalokayato bhavati candrādyavabhāsaḥ, na tatra jalādiṣu dṛṣṭeṣu snānapānādikriyeva kā'pyarthakriyāsthitiḥ, 'jñeyasvarūpavidyaiva tatreṣṭakriyā sthitā |' tathaiva śabdākarṇanamātreṇa bhavatyavabhāsyārthāvadhāraṇam, tat cākṣuṣajñānasyeva śrāvaṇajñānasyāpi avabhāsyārthāvadhāraṇalakṣaṇaṃ prāmāṇyaṃ samānameveti |

'jñānānaṃ prāmāṇyāṃ svata eva gṛhyate' iti mīmāṃsakamataṃ nirasyannāha-ata eveti | yato mandabuddherjātamātre pratyakṣe anirdhāritaviśeṣasyārthakriyāsiddhyanantaraṃ prāmāṇyāvadhāraṇaṃ, amandabuddhestu jātamātre pratyakṣe nirdhāritaviśeṣasya prathamata eva prāmāṇyagrahaḥ, ata evetyarthaḥ | pratyakṣasyeti | kasyacittviti | mandabuddheriti yāvat | parataḥ-arthakriyādinā liṅgenetyarthaḥ | yogijñānasyeti | yogabalājjāyamānaṃ pratyakṣaṃ hi viśadāvabhāsarūpameveti tasya prāmāṇyaṃ svata eva gṛhyate | svasaṃvedyajñānasya ceti | sukhādipratyakṣasyeti yāvat | na hi sukhe sākṣātkriyamāṇe tasmin saṃśayaḥ | anumānasya tu niścayātmakatvāditi | nirdhāritaviśeṣatvāditi yāvat | etena jñānasya prāmāṇyaṃ svata eva gamyatta iti niyamo nāsmākamityuktaṃ bhavati | uktaṃ ca śāntarakṣitena-

' yenaikaiḥ svata eveti prācyairniyama ucyate |
kiñcitsvato'nyataḥ kiñcit paraiścāniyamo mataḥ' | iti

vyākhyātaṃ ca kamalaśīlena 'ekaiḥ-mīmāṃsakaiḥ, paraiḥ-bauddhaiḥ, taiḥ kiñcit svataḥ pramāṇamiṣṭam yathā-svasaṃvedanaṃ yogijñānam arthakriyājñānam anumānam abhyāsavacca pratyakṣam | taddhi svata eva niścīte, abhyāsabalenāpahastitabhrāntikāraṇatvāt | kiñcidanyataḥ-vivādāspadībhūtaṃ codanājanitaṃ jñānaṃ, pratyakṣaṃ cānapagatabhrāntinimittam' iti | (tattvasaṃ. pa. 775)

pramāṇalakṣaṇe apūrvagocaratvaniveśasya phalamāha-prathamata evetyādinā | ayamāśayaḥ-pramāṇasya hi prayojanaṃ prekṣāvatāmarthakriyāsu pravarttanam, pravarttakatā cārthapradarśakatayā, arthapradarśakatā ca yadyapi prathamotpannajñānasyeva dhārāvāhini dvitīyādijñāne'pyaviśiṣṭā, athāpi prathamotpannajñānenaivārthaḥ paricchinnaḥ, ato dvitīyādijñānamanapekṣyaiva tata evaṃ pravarttate puruṣa iti dvitīyādijñānamanyathāsiddhaṃ pravṛttāvanaṅgamiti na tasya prāmāṇyam | atastabvdyāvṛttaye'pūrvagocaramiti pramāṇalakṣaṇe viśeṣaṇamiti | uktaṃ ca dharmottarācāryeṇa-'ata evānadhigataviṣayaṃ pramāṇam, yenaiva hi jñānena prathamamadhigato'rthastenaiva pravarttitaḥ puruṣaḥ, prāpitaścārthaḥ | tatraivārthe kimanyena jñānenādhikaṃ kāryam' iti | (nyā. bi. pa.4) vyākhyātaṃ caitadanyatrāsmābhiḥ-arthakriyāsu pravarttamānā anavagatatattatsamarthārthāstadarthāvagataye tadarthāvabhāsakaṃ pramāṇaṃ pratīkṣante, na tvadhigatārthāḥ, akiñcitkaraṃ hi teṣāṃ tat | atha yattathāvidhamarthamavabhāsathadapanīya tadajñānamupakaroti tasmai puṃse tat taṃ pramātāramapekṣya tasminnarthe pramāṇam yattu na kiñcidapyupakaroti na tadarthāvabhāsakamapi pramāṇavyavahārapadamadhigacchati | idameva tu pramāṇataḥ saṃpādyaṃ phalamarthānavagatividhūnanam | pramāṇādarthāvadhāraṇāt pūrvaṃ yā tadarthānavagatirajñānalakṣaṇā sā hi vināśyate prathamena pramāṇena tadarthāvadhāraṇalakṣaṇena | adhigatārthāvabhā sakastu na tatphalamāpādyate | ajñānasyaivābhāvāt | tat akiñcitkaratayā'pramāṇamucyate iti |

nanu sākṣātkāraḥ pramā, tatkaraṇamindriyaṃ tu pramāṇaṃ, tatsādhāraṇaṃ tu pramāṇalakṣaṇaṃ vaktavyamityāśaṅkāṃ nirasyannāha-samyak jñānaṃ pramāṇamityukta iti | jaḍasyendriyasya prāmāṇyamevānupapannaṃ, pramāṇasya hyeṣa svabhāvaḥ, yadarthaparicchedakatvam, arthaparicchedaśca jñānasyaiva svabhāvaḥ, cakṣuḥ saṃyujyate kevalamarthena sahāloka iva, arthaparicchedastu jñānenaiva, atastasya pramāṇakoṭāvanantarbhāvānna tatsādhāraṇaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ kāryamiti bhāvaḥ | nanvevaṃ sati sākṣātkāra eva pramāṇamityuktaṃ bhavati, tathā sati iyaṃ pramā, idaṃ pramākaraṇaṃ yatpramāṇamucyate ityayaṃ phalaphalivibhāgo nopapadyeteti ced anupadaṃ pratyakṣalakṣaṇanirūpaṇāvasare vakṣyāmaḥ | etena pramāṇasvarupe vipratipattirnirastā |

atha saṃkhyāyāṃ vipratipattiṃ nirasyannāha-tad dvividhamiti | pratyakṣaśabdasya vyutpattimāha-pratigatamiti | pratigatamityetadvyācaṣṭe-āśritamiti | indriyāśritatvaṃ cindriyasambaddhataiva, sambandhaśca tadutpattiḥ, tādātmyatadutpattibhyāṃ nāparaḥ sambadhaḥ ko'pyasti vastunaḥ | tadidamabhipretyaha-tasmādutpannaṃ jñānaṃ pratyakṣamityartha iti | nanu rūpadijñāne akṣāṇāmivārthānāmapi hetutvamastīti arthāśritatvamabhipretya pratyarthamiti kutona vyapadeśaḥ | maivam | arthena saha sambhandho manovijñānasādhāraṇaḥ | akṣeṇa tvasādhāraṇaḥ irti pratyakṣaśabdenaiva vyapadeśo yujyate | āha ca diṅnāgaḥ-

'asādhāraṇahetutvād vyapadeśyaṃ tadindriyaiḥ'

iti | (pramāṇasamuccaye. śloka. 4). vṛttiśca-'vdyāśrayādutpannaṃ vijñānaṃ, akṣāśrayamiti kutaḥ; viṣayāśrayaṃ na bhavati kiṃ? iti ced āha-asādhāraṇetyādi | rūpādiviṣayāstatrāntare manovijñānasādhāraṇāḥ, asādhāraṇācca vyavahāro dṛśyate yathā yavaśabdo yavāṅkure' iti | śaṅkate-nanviti | mānasādāviti | ādiśabdāt svasaṃvedanayogipratyakṣayoḥ saṃgrahaḥ | pariharati - atrocyata iti | ayaṃ bhavaḥ- akṣāśritatvaṃ pratyakṣaśabdasya vyutpattau nimittaṃ na tu pravṛttinimittaṃ, pravṛttinimittaṃ tu arthasākṣātkātkāritvam, pratyakṣaśabdasya vyutpattipradarśanamātraṃ kṛtaṃ pratigatamakṣamityanena | tena ca vyutpattinimittena ekārthasamavetaṃ pravṛttinimittaṃ sākṣātkāritvamupalakṣyate | yathā paṅkajaśabdavyutpattinimittena paṅkajanikarttṛtvena tadekārthasamavetaṃ padmatvaṃ tathā | uktaṃ ca dharmottarācāryaṇa - ' āśritatvaṃ ca vyutpattinimittaṃ śabdasya, na tu pravṛttinimittam, anena tvakṣāśritatvenaikārthasamavetamarthasākṣātkāritvaṃ lakṣyate | tadeva śabdasya pravṛttau nimittam | tataśca yadeva yatkiñcidarthasya sākṣātkārijñānaṃ tatpratyakṣamucyate' iti |

anumānaśabdasya vyutpattinimittamāha-mīyate ityādinā paścanmānamanumānamityantena | atha pravṛttinimittamāha-liṅgetyādinā itītyantena | rūḍhivaśāditi | sāmānye vyutpanno'yaṃ śabdo rūḍhyā viśeṣaṃ bodhayatītyetat | uktaṃ cācāryadiṅnāgena 'anumānaṃ liṅgādarthadarśana' miti | (nyāyapraveśa. pa. 7)

mīmāṃsakaḥ-kumārilabhaṭṭaḥ | sāmānyaśabdo viśeṣaparyavasāyī |

cārvākābhimataṃ pratyakṣamātraprāmāṇyavādaṃ nirasyati-tatretyādinā | ayamāśayaḥ-parasyāpratipattiṃ vipratipattiṃ vā nivārayan yathāsvasamayaṃ tattallakṣaṇaṃ praṇayannayaṃ parasyāpratipattivipratipattī kathamavagacchati? parasya kāyavāgvyāpārariti | tathācābhyupagatamajānatāpi kāryātkāraṇānumānam | tathā paraṃ svābhiprāyaṃ jñāpayannayaṃ vākyaṃ yadā prayuṅkte tadā prayujyamānavākyasya vivakṣāyāṃ liṅgatvamajānatā'pyabhyupagatameveti | uktaṃ ca śāntarakṣitena-

'na pramāṇamiti prāhuranumānaṃ tu kecana |
vivakṣāmarpayanto'pi vāgbhirābhiḥ kudṛṣṭayaḥ || iti | (tattvasaṃ. 425)

sāṅkhyādyabhimataṃ śabdaprāmāṇyaṃ nirasyati-śābdaṃ ca jñānamityādinā | eṣṭavyamiti | śābdaṃ jñānaṃ pramāṇamiti vadatā bāhyārthāvisaṃvāditvena prāmāṇyamaṅgīkarttavyam, avisaṃvādaśca tadarthaprāpaṇayogyatayā sā ca tadarthaparicchedakatayā, arthaviśeṣaparicchittau śabdaviśeṣasya hetutvaṃ ca tayoḥ śabdārthayoḥ sambandhamantareṇa na saṃbhavati, cakṣuṣa iva rūpādiparicchedakatvaṃ na naisargikam | unmīlitamātre cakṣuṣi nīlādiparicchittivat śrutamātre śabdaviśeṣe'rthaparicchittiḥ sarveṣāmeva (avyutpannānāmapi) syāt | ataḥ sambandhaḥ śabdārthayorvācyaḥ sa ka iti vikalpya dūṣayati-śabdārthayoḥ sambandho bhavannityādinā |

bhinnapratibhāse'pīti | deśabhedāt kālabhedādarthabhedācca tayornaikaḥ pratibhāsaḥ, śabdaḥ śrotreṇārthaścakṣuṣā, śabdaḥ śrūyate'nyasmin deśe, artho dṛśyate'nyatra, evaṃ kālabhedaḥ | tasmādekadhīgocaratvābhāvānna śabdārthayostādātmyamiti bhāvaḥ | āha ca śāntarakṣitaḥ-

bhinnākṣagrahaṇādibhyo naikātmyaṃ na tadudbhavaḥ |
vyabhicārānna cānyasya yujyate'vyabhicāritā || iti (tattvasaṃ. 440)

arthaṃ prati śabdasya, śabdaṃ prati vā'ryasya hetutve sati tayoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ sambandho ghaṭeta, tadubhayamapi nāstītyāha-nāpītyādinā tālvādivyāpārādeva tadutpatterityantena |

yadyapi tādātmyatadutpattibhyamanyaḥ sambandho vastunornābhimataḥ, athāpi parābhyupagatamanūdya nirasyati-athetyādinā | pradīpaghaṭayoḥ prakāśyaprakāśakabhāvasya naisargikatayā pradīpaḥ sattāmātreṇa yathā prakāśayatyarthaṃ tathā śabdārthayoḥ vācyavācakabhāvākhye sambandhe naisargike sati śrutamātraḥ śabdo'viśeṣeṇāsaṅketajñānapi bodhayedarthamityāha-evaṃ tarhīti | laukiko'pi puruṣo'rthaviśeṣaśabdaviśeṣayoḥ saṅketānabhijñaḥ kaḥ syādityatra puruṣaviśeṣaṃ nidarśayannāha - abhinaveti | yatra dvīpe'gniśabdasya vyavahāra eva na tato dvīpādāgata iti yāvat | nanu yadyapi śabdārthayorasti vācyavācakabhāvo naisargikaḥ sambandhaḥ; athāpyarthapratyāyanayogyatā tu saṅketasāpekṣā, tadagrahe nā'rthapratyaya ityāśayenāśaṅkate-atheti | yogya eveti | saṅketamapekṣyaivārthapratyāyanayogyo jāyata iti bhinnakrameṇānvayaḥ | nirasyati-tanneti | na hyevamasya prāmāṇyamavatiṣṭhata iti | evaṃ satyasya prāmāṇyaṃ na hyavatiṣṭhata ityarthaḥ | kasmāt ? āha-saṅketasyaiveti | āha ca kamalaśīla - ' na hi prakṛtyā'rthapratītihetavo dīpādayaḥ saṅketamapekṣante, anyathā saṅketasyaivānvayavyatirekābhyāmarthapratītau sāmarthyaṃ syāt na svābhāvikasya sambandhasya' iti (tattvasaṃ. pa. 438). ata iti | śabdārthayoḥ sambandhābhāvādityarthaḥ | na jñāyate iti | niścetuṃ na śakyate iti yāvat | sambandhe sati hyanena śabdenāyamevārtho bodhya iti nirṇayaḥ syāt | sambandhābhāvādaviśeṣādvivakṣitārtha evānena śabdena bodhyeteti nirṇayo naiva bhavediti bhāvaḥ | anupapadyamānamapi sambandhaṃ tuṣyatviti nyāyenābhyupagamyāpi dūṣayati-astu veti | aya eva - tādātmyatadutpattibhyāmanya eva |

niyate vastunaḥ svabhāve nākṣepāvasara ityabhiprāyeṇa śaṅkate-atha vaktavyamiti | pratikṣipati - tadayuktamiti | pramāṇasiddhe vastunaḥ svabhāve nākṣepāvasaraḥ, kalpyamāne tu syādevāśaṅkāvasara iti bhāvaḥ | yathā|gnirutpadyamāno nisargata eva dāhakaśaktiviśiṣṭa evotpadyate tathā śabdaviśeṣo'rthaviśeṣapratyāyakaśaktiviśiṣṭa evotpadyate ityabhiprāyeṇa pareṇa kriyamāṇāṃ śaṅkāmanūdya pratikṣipati-nacaivaṃ vaktavyamityādinā | niyatārthavyabhicāritvamiti | nacaivaṃ vaktavyamityanvayaḥ | tatra hetumāha-tathāhīsyādinā | yacca parairāptoccāritaṃ vākyaṃ pramāṇamityucyate tad dūṣayati-nāpyāptapraṇītaśabdānāmiti | anāptānuccāritaṃ vākyaṃ pramāṇamiti vadatāṃ vedasyāpauruṣeyatvena svataḥ prāmāṇyaṃ varṇayatāṃ mīmāṃsakānāṃ pakṣaṃ dūṣayati-sambandhadūṣaṇenaivati | śabdaprāmāṇye nirasyamāne lokavyavahāramātrocchedaprasaṅgamāśaṅkya pariharati-kathaṃ tarhītyādinā | vivakṣāvaśāditi | prayokturarthavivakṣāyā vaco liṅgatayā jñāpakaṃ bhavatīti bhāvaḥ | āhaca śāntarakṣitaḥ-

vacobhyo nikhilebhyo'pi vivakṣaiṣā'numīyate |
pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṃ taddhetuḥ sā hi niścitā || iti | (tattvasaṃ. pa. 441)

sā vivakṣā taddhetuḥ tasya prayujyamānasya vacaso hetuḥ, pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṃ tayormhetuhetumadbhāvo niścīyata iti tadarthaḥ |

atha naiyāyikābhimatamupamānaprāmāṇyaṃ nirasyan tatpakṣamanuvadati-naiyāyikasyeti | prapañca iti | nirūpyate | iti śeṣaḥ | āptātideśavākyārthasmaraṇasahakārīti | atideśavākyārthasmaraṇaṃ sahakāri yasyetyarthaḥ | sārūpyajñānamiti | āptavākyajanyamiti yāvat | viṣayavattayā vyāptamiti | apūrvaviṣayaṃ prakāśayat pramāṇaṃ bhavati, asati tasmin kathaṃ jñānasya prāmāṇyamiti bhāvaḥ |

viṣayāsaṃbhavamupapādayati-tathāhīti | samākhyāsambandha iti | ayamāśayaḥ, atideśavākyaṃ śrutvā vanaṃ gataḥ piṇḍaviśeṣaṃ yadā paśyati tadā'sya piṇḍāparokṣamātram | sārūpyaṃ tu smaryate kevalam | smṛtistu na pramāṇaṃ gṛhītagrāhitvāt | nanu piṇḍadarśanasamanantaramayaṃ gavayapadavācya iti bhavati samākhyāsaṃbandhagrahaḥ, iyamevopamā upamānaphalamucyate, ato'sti viṣayo yaḥ śabdārthayoḥ sambandhaḥ samākhyeti | nirasyati-saca paramārthato nāstīti | yaścāyaṃ sambandha iti pravādaḥ, sa vāṅmātram | na sambhandhibhyāṃ bhinnaḥ kaścidarthaṃ upalabhyate | yaḥ sambhandha ityarthatattvamiṣyeteti bhāvaḥ | sambhandhamātraṃ vikalpya dūṣayati-dṛśyatva ityādinā | imau sambhandhinau anayoścāyaṃ sambhandha iti vadatā vaktavyaṃ kimasau sambhandho dṛśya utādhṛśyaḥ | adṛśya sattā na siddhayati, yadi dṛśyaḥ, sambhandhī yadā dṛśyate tadā dṛśyeta so'pi, na ca dṛśyate, tasmāt sambhandho na pāramārthika iti śabdārthayoḥ samākhyā sambandhastatprakāśakatayopamāyāḥ prāmāṇyamityetannaiva ghaṭata itibhāvaḥ |

nanu yatra sambandhyupalambhasāmagryeva sambandhopalambhasāmagrī, tatra sambandhidharśanakāla eva sambandho'pyupalammyeta | yatra tu bhinnā tatra na tadaiva tadupalabhyeta, na tataḥ sarvathā tasyādṛśyatvam, ityato dūṣaṇāntaramāha--kiñciti | atha sambaddhabuddhijanatvaṃ sambandha iti | ayamāśayaḥ- nanu sambandhibhyāmanya eva sambandhaḥ, sa hi sambaddhabuddhihetutvalakṣaṇaḥ | na hi ghaṭapaṭayoḥ sattāmātraṃ ghaṭapaṭau saṃyuktāviti buddhau hetuḥ, viśliṣṭāvasthāyāmapi tathā pratītyāpātāt, ataḥ saṃyogo nāma tābhyāmanyo vaiśiṣṭyapratītiniyāmakaḥ svīkāryaḥ, tathaiva gavayaśabdapiṇḍaviśeṣayoḥ satorapi na samākhyāpratipattiḥ, yaṃ samākhyāsambandhamāptātideśavākyārthajñānapiṇḍaviśeṣadarśanasamantaraṃ pratipadyata iti | pratikṣipati--tanna yuktamiti | sambaddhavastudvayādapīti | sambandhākhyavastvantaranirapekṣād vastudvayādevetyarthaḥ | ayamāśayaḥ- sarveṣāmeva satāṃ kṣaṇikatvena saṃyuktapratītigocararyoviśliṣtapratītigocarābhyāṃ bhinnatvena tayoreva ca sambaddhapratyayahetutvena tābhyamatiriktasya sambaddasyānapekṣaṇād viśiṣṭabuddhiḥ sambandhamatiriktaṃ kalpayituṃ na prabhavatīti | idamatra bodhyam -- yo gosadṛśaḥ sa gavaya iti tu śvāvaṇaṃ pratyakṣaṃ | tattu śabdaviśeṣaprakāśakatayā śabdamātre pramāṇam, pīṇḍaviśeṣadarśanaṃ tu tadanantarabhāvi piṇḍaviśeṣaprakāśakatayā tanmātre pramāṇam | upadeśāvagatasārūpyasmaraṇaṃ yad bhavati piṇḍaviśeṣadarśanena, tat smṛtirūpatayā gṛhītagrahītatayā na pramāṇam, dṛṣṭe piṇḍaviśeṣe tataḥ paścād yaśca samākhyāsambandhagrahaḥ so'pi gavayasāmānye bauddha eva vastunīti smṛtito na bahirbhavati | api ca samākhyāsambandhagrahopāyāścānye'pi santi yathā--kaṃ pika iti pṛṣṭe kaścidāha, yo madhuraṃ rauti sa pika iti, madhurrutaśravaṇānantaraṃ pikasamākhyāgraho bauddhe pikasāmānyākāre bhavati, evamāderapi pṛthak prāmāṇyamāpatediti | uktaṃ ca śāntarakṣitena -

'ucyate kṣaṇikattvena nāviśeṣā jalādayaḥ' | (tattvasaṃ. pa. 220)

tathā-

'na sambhandhyatiriktaśca sambandho'stīti sādhitam |
prāgeva samaye śabdo gṛhītaḥ śrotracetasā ||

cakṣuṣā dṛṣyate cāsāvagrato'vasthitaḥ paśuḥ |
pṛthagvijñātayoreṣā yuktā na ghaṭanā pramā ||

grahītapratisandhānātsugandhimadhuratvavat |
tannām yogasaṃvittiḥ smārtatāṃ nātivartate ||

anantopāyajanyāśca samākhyāyogasaṃvidaḥ |
sādharmyamanapekṣyāpi jāyante narapādiṣu ||

sitātapatrāpihitabraghnapādo narādhipaḥ |
teṣāṃ madhya iti prokta upadeśaviśeṣataḥ ||

kālāntareṇa tadṛṣṭau tannāmāsyeti yā matiḥ' |
sā tadānyā pramā prāptā sādharmyādyanapekṣaṇāt || iti || (tattvasaṃ. pa. 454)

atha mīmāṃsakānāmupamānaprāmāṇyopapādanaṃ nirasyati--evamityādinā | mīmāṃsakopavarṇitasyāpīti | upamānasyeti śeṣaḥ | sādṛṣyaviśiṣṭaḥ piṇḍaḥ piṇḍaviśiṣṭaṃ vā sādṛṣyamupamānaviṣayastena varṇyate iti | ayamāśayaḥ- pūrvaṃ grāme gāṃ dṛṣṭvā paścāt jātu vanaṃ gato gavayaṃ paśyati, tadā tasya bhavati sapadi piṇḍaviśeṣapratyakṣamālocanātmakaṃ jñānaṃ, tataśca gosadṛśo'yaṃ paśuriti viśeṣato viniścayaḥ savikalpakaḥ | ayaṃ cendriyajanyatvenādhyalakṣaṇa eva | tataśca bhavati ' anena paśunā sadṛśo gau' riti jñānam | idameva jñānamupamānaṃ pramāṇamucyate, asya ca viṣayo gavayasādṛśyaviśiṣṭo gauḥ goniṣṭhaṃ vā sādṛśyam | nanu sādṛśyaṃ pratyekṣeṇāvagataṃ, gauśca smṛterviṣayaḥ | atha kimapūrvamupamānapramāṇaviṣayatayocyate | satyam | sādṛśyaviśiṣṭatāttvanadhigatā sopamānasya viṣayaḥ | tathācoktaṃ kumārilena -

tasmād yat smaryate tat syāt sādṛśyena viśeṣitam |
prameyamupamānasya sādṛśyaṃ vā viśeṣitam ||

pratyakṣeṇāvaruddhe ca sādṛśye ca gavi smṛte |
viśiṣṭasyānyato'siddherupamāyāḥ pramāṇatā || iti | (ślokavā. pa. 444)

upamānapramāṇaviṣayatayā parābhimataṃ sādṛśyaṃ nirasyati-nacetyādinā | yau mithaḥ sadṛśaugaurgavayaśca tau pratyakṣasiddhau, eko dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ aparaścādhunā | athābhyāmubhābhyāmatiriktaṃ kiṃ sādṛśyamasti, yadupamānasya viṣaya ucyet | bhūyo'vayavasāmyamiti yat, tadavayavasanniveśato nātiricyate | sa ca dṛṣṭa eva, tad dṛṣṭābhyāṃ piṇḍābhyāmamanyat sādṛśyaṃ nāma na pramāṇagocaramiti yāvat | pramāṇāsiddhatāmevopapādayati-tathāhītyādinā | dṛśyānupalambhagrastameva taditi | upalambhayogyasyānupalambho hyasattāmeva vastuno gamayati | sādṛśyapratyayastviti | ayamāśayaḥ-nanvayamanena sadṛśa iti yeyaṃ pratītiḥ saiva sādṛśye liṅgam, viṣayajanyatvāt pratīteḥ | tasmāt kāryaliñgakānumānena tatsiddhiriti cenna | yau sadṛśatayā pratīyamānau gogavayau, tau svahetorutpannau tāvevāyamanena sadṛśāviti pratyaye hetū, iti na tato'tiriktaṃ sādṛśyaṃ vastu siddhyati | bhūyo'vayavasārūpyamavayavasanniveśaviśeṣānnātiriktamiti na kāryaliṅgakānumānāttatsiddhiriti | tena vādineti | mīmāṃsakenetyarthaḥ | svayameva pramāṇāntarasiddhayoḥ sādṛśyapiṇḍayorviśeṣyaviśeṣaṇabhāvamātrasyopamānapramāṇaviṣayatāṃ bruvan sādṛśyaṃ kena pramāṇena siddhyatīti puṣṭe anenaivopamānapramāṇeneti kathaṃ bruyāt, vyāhataṃ hi vaca iti bhāvaḥ | idamatra bodhyam-gosadṛśe gavaye dṛṣṭe anubhūtapūrve gavi etatsadṛśo gauritivat etadvisadṛśasturaga iti bhavatyanubhūtapūrve turage, tadasyā vaisādṛśyapratīterapi pramānāntaratā kiṃ na syāt | na cābhāvapramāṇe'ntarbhāḥ, bhāvāvalambinī hyeṣā pratītiḥ | evaṃ taruśreṇyāṃ dṛśyamānāyāṃ prathamatarudarśane'nadhigatamādyatvaṃ dvitīyatarudarśanāntaraṃ dṛṣṭapūrve tarāvādyatvamadhigamyate 'sa tarurādya' iti | tadasyā api pratīteḥ pramāṇāntaratvamāpatedapūrvaviṣayatvāditi | uktaṃ ra śāntarakṣitena -

gavayasyopalambhe tu turaṅgādau pravartate |
tadvaisādṛśyavijñānaṃ yat tadanyā pramā na kim |

abhāvāntargataṃ no cennaivaṃ bhāvāvalambanāt |
anyonyābhāvatāyāṃ ca samaṃ sādṛśyabuddhiṣu ||

tarupaṅktyādisaṃdṛṣṭāvekapādapadarśanāt |
dvitīyaśākhivijñānādādyo'sāviti niścayaḥ ||

pramāṇāntaramāsaktaṃ sādṛśyādanapekṣaṇāt ||' (tattvasaṃ. pa. 450)

iti | pṛthaṅnopapadyet iti | anumānāt pṛthagityarthaḥ | arthāpatteḥ prāmāṇyameva na, yadi prāmāṇyaṃ tadā'numāna evāntarbhāva iti yāvat | tadidamupapādayannāha - atredaṃ cintyata iti | yo'sau pramāṇadṛṣto'rtha iti | pramāṇadṛṣṭo'rthaḥ- divā'bhuñjānasya pīnatvaṃ jīvato gṛhe'bhāva ityādiḥ | parikalpyamāno'rthaḥ-rātribhojanaṃ bahirbhāva ityādiḥ | pratibandho'stīti | yaḥ kalpakaḥ pramāṇadṛṣṭaḥ, yaśca parikalpyaḥ parokṣastayo sati pratibandhe'numāne'ntarbhāvaḥ, asati ca tasya tasminnarthe prāmāṇyameva na | yathā divā'bhuñjānasya yat pīnatvaṃ tasya ca rātribhojanasya ca kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ prabibandho'stīti rātribhojane kāraṇe pīnatvaṃ kāryaṃ liṅgaṃ bhavitumarhatītyanumānānna pṛthagarthāpattestatra prāmāṇyam | yattu mīmāṃsakaḥ prāha - divā'bhuñjānasya pīnatvaśravaṇād rātrau bhuṅkte iti vākyaṃ parikalpyate iti | tadetadasambandhānnopapadyate iti na tatra pramaṇaṃ kimapi | uktaṃ ca śāntarakṣitena-

'kṣapābhojanasambandhī pumāniṣṭaḥ pratīyate |
divābhojanavaikalpapīnatvena tadanyavat ||

bhojane sati pīnatvamanvayavyatirekataḥ |
niścitaṃ tena sambandhād vastuno vastuto gatiḥ ||

sarvasambandhaśūnyaṃ hi kathaṃ vākyaṃ pratīyate |
ekasmād vākyataḥ sarvaṃ pratīyatetānyathā punaḥ' || (tattvasaṃ. pa. 465)

iti | athābhāvākhyaṃ pramāṇaṃ nirasyati-abhāvasyetyādinā | svarūpameva na vīkṣāmahe iti | avastutvāditi śeṣaḥ | pratyakṣādīnāmiti | ādiśabdādanumānopamānaśabdārthāpattayo gṛhyante | mīmāṃsakairabhidhīyate iti | āha ca śabarasvāmī - 'abhāvo'pi pramāṇābhāvaḥ nāstītyarthasyāsannikṛṣṭasya' iti | kumārilaśca-

'pramāṇapañcakaṃ yatra vasturūpe na jāyate |
vastubodhāvabodhārthaṃ tatrābhāvapramāṇatā' || (śloka. vā. pa. 473)

iti | abhāvapramāṇatayābhimatāṃ pramāṇapañcakānutpattiṃ vikalpya dūṣayati - tatra keyamityādinā | sarvaśaktiśūnyatvāditi | utpattipratiṣedhamātrasyābhāvarūpatayā tasyāvastutvādityarthaḥ | ata eveti | avastutvādevetyarthaḥ | na hyabhāvaḥ kasyacit pratipattiriti | kasyacid viṣayasya pratipattirityarthaḥ | tasyāpi kathaṃ pratipattiriti | abhāvasyāvastutayā tasya pratipattirvā kathaṃ bhavedityarthaḥ | nanu pramāṇānutpattiḥ pramāturātmano'vasthāviśeṣa eva | āha ra kumārilaḥ-

'pratyakṣāderanutpatiḥ pramāṇābhāva iṣyate |
sā|ātmano'pariṇāmo vā' (śloka vā. pa. 475)

iti | sā pratyakṣāderanutpattiḥ, ātmano'pariṇāmo-niṣedhyābhimataghaṭādijñānarūpeṇāpariṇāmitvam, sāmyāvasthamātmadravyamiti tadarthaḥ | itthaṃ ca tasya nāvastutvamiti cet, kiṃ tena suṣuptyavasthāsādhāraṇena | tathā coktaṃ śāntarakṣitena -

'astu vā'pariṇāmo'sya tathāpi vyabhicāritā |
svāpamurcchādyavasthāsu tadbhāve'yarthasaṃbhavāt' || (tattvasaṃ. pa. 474)

iti | nanu paryudāsaṃvṛttyā brūmaḥ-pratyakṣādīnāmanutpattiriti| sā ca jñānāntarāvasthitiḥ | uktaṃ ca kumārilena-'vijñānaṃ vā'nyavastuni' iti, iti cennirasyate caitannāpītyādinā dvitīyavikalpanirasanena |

pratyakṣādyanutpattirityatra kiṃ jñānamātraṃ vivakṣitamuta jñānaviśeṣa iti vikalpamabhipretya jñānasāmānyapakṣaṃ nirasyati-deśakāletyādinā | deśaviprakṛṣṭaḥ sumeruḥ, kālaviprakṛṣṭaḥ śaṅkhacakravartī, svabhāvaviprakṛṣṭaḥ viśācādiḥ | jñānaviśeṣapakṣaṃ dūṣayati-athaikajñānasaṃsargīti | ekasmin jñāne ghaṭaviśiṣtapratyakṣe yadviṣayatayā sambaddhaṃ bhūtalaṃ-bhūtalamātraṃ tasya vastunaḥ pratyakṣameva pratyakṣādyanutpattirityanenocyate iti yāvat | ekaviṣayakatvamabhipretyaikajñānamityuktiḥ | yatpradeśaviṣayakaṃ viśiṣṭapratyakṣaṃ tatpradeśaviśeṣaviṣayakameva bhūtalamātrapratyakṣamapīti tadidaṃ pratyakṣamabhāvapramāṇamucyate iti bhāvaḥ | atrāha-tadeti |

pratyakṣaṃ lakṣayati - tatra pratyakṣamiti | tatra - pratyakṣānumānayormadhye | yatkalpanāpoḍhamabhrāntaṃ tatpratyakṣamityuddeśyavidheyabhāvenānvayaḥ | kalpanāpoḍhamabhrāntamiti pratiṣedhādarthato jñānamiti siddhim | nanu vidhīyamānaṃ pratyakṣatvamuddeśyākārato bhinnaṃ vaktavyam | ucyate - yat sākṣātkārijñānatvamubhayavādisaṃpratipannaṃtat pratyakṣaśabdavācyam | kā nāma kalpanā, yadapoḍhaṃ pratyakṣamucyate tāmāha - pūrvāparamityādinā | śabdasaṃyuktākāreti | saṃyogaśca nāmato yathā - ḍittha iti, daṇḍītī vividho bodhyaḥ | uktaṃ ca diṅnāgena 'nāmajātyādiyojane'ti | vyākhyātaṃ caitadvṛttau - 'atha kalpanā kīdṛśītyāha -- nāmajātyādiyojanā, yadṛcchāśabdeṣu nāmnā ḍittha iti jātiśabdeṣu tathā gauriti ' tyādinā (pramāṇa. 12) | bālamūkādīnāṃ śabdasaṃsparśayogyā pratītirnāstītyata āha - antarjalpākārāveti | āptasaṃvādaṃ pramāṇayati tathācoktamiti | dharmakīrtineti yāvat | abhilāpasaṃsargayogyaḥ pratibhāso yasyāṃ pratītau sā abhilāpasaṃsargayogyapratibhāsā | yogyatvaniveśād bālamūkādīnāṃ yā kalpanā'ntarjalpākārā tasyāḥ saṃgrahaḥ | vyākhyātaṃ caitad dharmottarācāryeṇa -- 'abhilapyate'nenetyabhilāpo vācakaḥ śabdaḥ, abhilāpena saṃsarga ekasmin jñāne abhidheyākārasyābhidhānākāreṇa saha grāhyākāratayā śīlanam, tato yadekasmin jñāne yadabhidheyābhidhākārau saṃniviṣṭau bhavataḥ tadā saṃsṛṣṭe'bhidhānābhidheye bhavataḥ | abhilāpasaṃsargāya yogyo'bhidheyāvabhāso yasyāṃ pratītau sā tathokte ' ti | (nyāyabinduṭīkā --pa. 10) bālamūkādīnānāmapyantarjalpākāraṃ jñānamastītyetat samarthayati - vikalpārthasyetyādinā | āha ca śāntarakṣitaḥ -

'śabdārthaghaṭanāyogyā vṛkṣa ityādirūpataḥ |
yā vācāmaprayoge'pi sābhilāpeva jāyate ||

atītabhavanāmārthabhāvanāvāsanānvayāt |
sadyo jāto'pi yadyogāditikarttavyatāpaṭuḥ' || (tattvasaṃ. pa. 367)

iti | seyaṃ kalpanā smitaruditastanapānādivyāpāraviśeṣairbāleṣvapyastīti niścīyate |

nanu kasmāccid gaurevāyamityavadhāraṇāt savikalpakād bhavatyarthaprāptiḥ, tathā caladvṛkṣadarśanena pītaśaṅkhadarśanena vā bhrameṇa pravṛttasyāpyarthaprāptirdṛṣṭā, tattayoḥ prāmāṇyaṃ neti kathamavadhāritamityāśayena śaṅkate - kiṃ punariti | na pramāṇamiti | na pramāṇamityatretyarthaḥ | na pratyakṣapramāṇamityatra kiṃ pramāṇamiti yāvat | sarveṣāṃ sammatamiti | pratyakṣasya lakṣaṇe tu vipratipattirvādināṃ, pratyakṣasvarūpasya tu arthasākṣātkārātmakatve na vipratipattirityāśayaḥ | kalpanājñānasya bhramasya ca tathātvaṃ netyāha -- nacetyādinā | arthaṃ sākṣātkartuṃ yat kṣamate jñānaṃ tadarthasākṣātkārīti yuktam , yattu na kṣamate tasya kathamartha-sākṣātkārijñānātmatā, kalpanājñānasya bhramasya ca na tatkṣamatetyāha -- naca kalpanāvibhramāviti | asāmarthyamupapādayati--tathāhītyādinā | grāhyatāṃ viduḥ | hetutvameveti | yuktijñā hetutvameva grāhyataṃ vidurityanvayaḥ | hetutvamupapādayati - jñānākārārpaṇakṣamamiti | yasmād grāhyaṃ vastu jñāne svākārārpaṇakṣamaṃ bhavatītyarthaḥ | kalpanājñānaṃ tviti | yadidaṃ nāmajātyādikalpanāyuktaṃ jñānaṃ tad vinaiva nīlādisvalakṣaṇamarthaṃ vāsanāmātreṇa jāyate iti na tasyārthakāryatā, yasmānnārthakāryaṃ tat tasmānnārthagrāhitā tasyeti kathaṃ tadarthasākṣātkāri bhavitumarhatīti bhāvaḥ | kalpanājñānasyārthajanyatve'niṣṭamāpādayati-tataśceti | nāmajātyādyabhilāpinī kalpanāpratītirnīlādiśabdaṃ śṛṇvato'ndhasyāpi bhavatyeveti kalpanāyā apyarthajanyatvābhyupaṃgame tasyāpi rūpadarśitvamāpatet | hetuhetumadbhāvānnānyo grāhyagrāhakabhāva iti coktameveti bhāvaḥ |

atrāptasaṃvādaṃ pramāṇayati-ata evoktamiti | pratyakṣa iva pratibhāsābhāvādityarthaḥ | vaiyākaraṇamatamanūdya nirasyati - etenetyādinā | etena - vakṣyamāṇadūṣaṇetetyarthaḥ |

tathāhīti | ayamāśayaḥ--puraḥsthitaṃ paśyataḥ puruṣasya bhavatu nāmāyaṃ ghaṭa iti nāmānuviddhapratyayaḥ, tenaivaṃ yadā ghaṭo'nubhūyate tadā''śrayībhūtaṃ bhūtalaṃ nayanagocarībhūtamanubhūyata eva, na ca tannāmnoccāryate, tannopapadyate sarvaṃ eva pratyayo nāmānuviddha iti | abhyupagamyedaṃ dūṣaṇamuktam | vastuto vikalparahita eva sākṣātkāraḥ, unmīlitamātre nayate puraḥsthitaṃ svalakṣaṇaṃ vastu sākṣātkriyata eva, anantarameva tu vikalpāvabhāsaḥ, sa ca nimīlya nayane vicārayato'pi bhavatyeva, na cātrākṣārthāpekṣā | bhramasya pratyakṣatvāsaṃbhavamupapādayati-bhrāntamapītyādinā | arthakriyākṣame vastuni yadviparyastamutpadyate tadeva bhrāntamucyate bhrāntisvarūpavidbhirityarthaḥ | viparyastāvabhāsakasya jñānasya yathāvasthita-vastugrāhakatvābhāvena na pratyakṣatvamiti bhāvaḥ |

ata evāhācārya iti | ācāryaḥ dharmakīrttiḥ, āha--nyāyabindāviti yāvat | timiraśabdo nāyanadoṣopalakṣakaḥ | etena--timiradoṣāhitatvena |

āśaṅkate--nanu yadīti | ayamāśayaḥ -- yadi gacchadvṛkṣapītaśaṅkhādidarśanaṃ bhrāntamiti na tat pratyakṣaṃ, pramāṇamavisaṃvādi jñānamityetat pramāṇalakṣaṇaṃ nopapadyate | tatrāti-prasaṅgāt | tadapi hyarthakriyākāryarthaprāpakam, caladvṛkṣadarśanena pravṛtto vṛkṣaṃ tadvaddeśaṃ vā prāpnoti | pītaśaṅkhāvabhāsena pravṛttaḥ śaṅkham | ataḥ pramāṇalakṣaṇākrāntatayā pramāṇaviśeṣe'ntarbhāvo'syāvaśyaṃ vaktavyaḥ | pratyakṣānumānābhyāṃ ca nānyat pramāṇam, nacedamanumānam tat pratyakṣa evāntarbhāvo vācyaḥ | tadabhrāntvaṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ pratyakṣalakṣaṇe na yojyamiti |

pariharati - na tato vastuprāptiḥ, kiṃ tarhi, jñānāntarādeveti | tataḥ-caladvṛkṣādi-darśanād avabhāsitasya vastuno na prāptiḥ kiṃtarhi, anyasyaiva, yadeva jñānāntarādavabhāsyam | arthakriyāsamarthameva vastuśabdavācyam, caladvakṣādi nārthakriyāsamartham, niyatadeśavṛkṣādyeva tvarthakriyāsamartham, jñānantarādeva tu tadavabhāsyamityarthaḥ | ayamāśayaḥ-caladvṛkṣa-darśanaṃ nāvisaṃvādi, na prāpyate hi tena yathāvabhāsaṃ vastu, jñānāntarāvabhāsyo vṛkṣo niyatadeśaḥ prāpyate, deśascācaladvṛkṣaḥ | tathā pītaśaṅkhāvabhāso nāvisaṃvādī, pītaṃ tu dṛṣṭaṃ, prāpyate śuklam, pītādanyadeva tu śuklam , tanna svenāvabhāsitamarthaṃ prāpayati | yathāvabhāsamarthaṃ prāpayadeva tvavisaṃvādi | nanu prāpyate śaṅkhaḥ sa eva, yaḥ pīta ityavabhāsapathamupagataḥ | na | rūpādananya eva tu śaṅkha, na rūparūpiṇārbhedaḥ | uktaṃ ca śāntarakṣitena -

'na varṇavyatiriktaṃ ca saṃsthānamupajāyate |
bhāsamānasya varṇasya na ca saṃvāda iṣyate' | (tattvasaṃ. pa. 395)

iti | etena santānaikyādavisaṃvādakatvopapādanamapi nirastaṃ veditavyam | āha ca kamalaśīlaḥ- 'pramāṇaṃ bhavad dvābhyāmākārābhyāṃ bhavati | yathāpratibhāsamavisaṃvādāt, yathādhyavasāyaṃ vā | tatreha na yathāpratibhāsamavisaṃvādaḥ, pītasya pratibhāsanāt, tasya yathābhūtasyāprāpteḥ | nāpi yathādhyavasāyamavisaṃvādaḥ, pītasyaiva viśiṣṭārthakriyākāritvenādhyavasāyāt, na ca tadrūpārthakriyāprāptirasti' iti (tattvasaṃ. paṃ. 395) āha ca dharmottarācāryaḥ - 'yadi mithyājñānaṃ kathaṃ tato vṛkṣāvāptiricet, na tato vṛkṣāvāptiḥ, nānādeśagāmī vṛkṣastena paricchinnaḥ, ekadeśaniyataśca vṛkṣo'vāpyate | tato yaddeśo gacchadvṛkṣo dṛṣṭastaddeśo nāvāpyate, yaddeśascāvāpyate sa na dṛṣṭa iti' iti | tathāca yathāvabhāsaṃ vastuprāpakatvasyaiva pramāṇalakṣaṇatvena nātivyāptiriti | idamabhihitaṃ bhavati -- avabhāsyamānaścaladvṛkṣādirarthakriyāsamarthājjñānāntarāvabhāsyānniyatadeśavṛkṣādanya evetyarthakriyāsamarthārthāvabhāsakatvasya tathāvidhādhyavasāyahetutvasya vā'bhāvena na caladvṛkṣādidarśanasya prāmāṇyam, tasyaivāvisaṃvādakatvarūpatvāditi | anumāne'tiprasaṅgavāraṇāya kalpanāpoḍhamiti | anumānasya sāmānyameva viṣaya iti na tatkalpanāpoḍham |

nanu--kalpanāpoḍhameva cet pratyakṣapramāṇaṃ tasya kathaṃ vyavahārāṅgatā | na hyanirdeśyamavabhāsayat pravṛttaye nivṛttaye vā prabhavati | satyam | kalpanāvirahitamanirdeśyamavabhāsayadapi pravṛttyādhāyakasya gaurayamityasya savikalpakasyotpādakatayā bhavati vyavahārāṅgam | āha ca śāntarakṣitaḥ -

'avikalpamapi jñānaṃ vikalpotpattiśaktimat |
niḥśeṣavyavahārāṅgaṃ taddvāreṇa bhavatyataḥ' || (tattvasaṃ. pa. 390)

iti | yadyapi dṛṣṭamevānyat vikalpaścānyaḥ, kṣaṇikaṃ hi sarvam, dṛṣṭaṃ svalakṣaṇam, vikalpaśca sāmānyātmā, tathā'pi dṛśyavikalpayorananyatādhyavasāyād bhavati pravṛttiḥ | tadyuktaṃ svāvabhāsitārthādhyavaṣayotpādanaśaktimattayā vyavahārāṅgatvam | nanu savikalpasyāpi samyakjñānatayā prāmāṇyamabhyupeyam | na | apūrvagocarameva samyakjñānaṃ pramāṇaṃ, savikalpakaśca nāpūrvagocaraḥ, pratyakṣagṛhītameva hi gṛḥṇāti, ananyatayaiva tu grahaḥ | uktaṃ ca kamalaśīlena-'pratyakṣaṃ kalpanāpoḍhamapi sajātīyavijātīyavyāvṛttamanalādikamarthaṃ tadākāranirbhāsotpattitaḥ parichindadurpadyate | tacca niyatarūpavyavasthitavastugrāhitvād vijātīyavyāvṛttavastvākārānugatatvācca tatraiva vastuni vidhipratiṣedhāvāvirbhāvayati--analo'yaṃ nāsau kusumastabaka iti, tayo śca vikalpayoḥ pāramparyeṇa vastuni pratibandhādavisaṃvāditve'pi na prāmāṇyamiṣṭam | dṛśyavikalpayorekatvādhyavasāyena pravṛtteranadhigatavasturūpādhigamābhāvāt' iti | (tattvasaṃ. pa. 390)

nanu dṛṣṭādadhyavasitāccānyadeva yat prāpyate, tanna svāvabhāsitārthaprāpakatvaṃ pratyakṣasyeti kathamasya prāmāṇyamiticenna | santānaikyāttadupapatteḥ | uktaṃ ca pārśvadevena -- 'prāpaṇīyaśca pratyakṣasya santāna eveati (nyāyapraveśavṛttipañcikā 77)

pratyakṣaṃ vibhajate-taccaturvidhamiti | cakṣurādīndriyapañcakāśrayeṇeti | āśrayatā caiṣāmasādhāraṇakāraṇatayā | rūpaviṣayamiti | rūpyate iti rūpaṃ dṛśyamātram | rūpādipratyakṣe vaṣasyāpi hetutayā viṣayāśrayamityapi vaktuṃ śakyetetyetāṃ śaṅkāṃ pariharannāha-indriyapratyakṣamiti vyapadeśasyeti | uktaṃ ca - 'asādhāraṇahetutvādakṣaistad vyapadiśyate' ti kalpanāpoḍhasyāsya cākṣuṣādervikalpotpādanadvāreṇaiva svāvabhāsite'rthe pramāṇatā, anutpanne tu vikalpe na prāmāṇyaṃ, na tāvatā kṣatiḥ, vyavahārāṅgatayā hi pramāṇaṃ nirūpyate | vyapetasakalavāsanasya saṃbhavatyapi nirvikalpake pratyakṣe savikalpānutpādena na tamapekṣya pramāṇam | dvārānutpatteḥ na ca dvāreṇa dvāriṇo'nyathāsiddhirityabhiprāyeṇāha--idaṃ cetyādinā |

atha mānasapratyakṣaṃ lakṣayati--svaviṣayeti | uktaṃ cedaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ nyāyabindau dharmakīrtinā | lakṣaṇavākyaṃ vyācaṣṭe--svaśabdenetyādinā | viśeṣaṇaghaṭakasya svaśabdasya viśeṣyaparatā hi yuktā | sahakāriṇeti | sahāritvaṃ cāsyaikakāryakāritayā | indriyajñānaṃ, tadviṣayasantānavartī tadanantarasamutpanno ghaṭādidvitīyakṣaṇaścetyubhayaṃ militvā mānasaṃ pratyakṣaṃ janayatīti yāvat | samanantarapratyayasaṃjñakeneti | pratyayaḥ-kāraṇam, uktaṃca-'hetuḥ pratyayo nimittaṃ karaṇaxxmiti paryāyāḥ' iti | samantaraḥ - samityanena samānatvaṃ gamyate | sāmyaṃ ca jñānatvena | anantaraḥ-avyavahitaḥ-avyavahitapūrvaḥ, uttaravijñāne hetubhūtasyaikasantānavartino jñānasya samanantara pratyaya ityeṣā saṃjñā | vakṣyati ca - 'svasantānavartinyupādāne jñāne rūḍhyāprasiddha' iti | uparate cakṣurvyāpāre anukṣaṇaṃ yadvijñānaṃ tena cakṣurvijñānena svaviṣayānantaraviṣayasahakṛtenotpādyate, tanmānasapratyakṣamiti paryavasitamiti | avyavahāritvaṃ punarasyeti | asyoktalakṣaṇalakṣitasya mānasapratyakṣasya vyahārapathāgocaratvamityeṣa doṣo na bhavati | na hyatiprasaṅgo'prasaṅgo vā lakṣaṇasya, satyāṃ sāmagryāṃ vyavahārapathagocaratā, asatyāṃ ca na, tāvatā'sya ko'vaguṇa iti bhāvaḥ | vyavahārāgocaraṃ vyavahārānaṅgabhūtaṃ kimitīṣyate ītyāśaṅkāyāmāha--āgamaprasiddhamiti | āgama eva tatsadbhāve pramānamiti yāvat | āgamameva darśayati -- yathoktamiti |

nanu āgame vyavāhāre sarvathānupayuktasyāsyābhyupagamo nirarthaka ityāśayenāśaṅkate--nanviti | pariharati--īdṛglakṣaṇeti | ayamāśayaḥ -- nahi lokavyavahāre'nupayuktatāmātreṇa vastu apahnotuṃ śakyate | asti cedaṃ pratyakṣaṃ, vastu vivecanīyaṃ tu lakṣaṇena | uktena ca lakṣaṇena tat pratyakṣaṃ vivecitaṃ bhavati | tadanena vivecanena āgame pareṣāmaviśuddhyāśaṅkāpi nirastā bhavatīti |

āhaca dharmottarācāryaḥ--'etacca siddhāntasiddhaṃ mānasapratyakṣaṃ, nacāsya prasādhakaṃ pramāṇamasti; evaṃjātīyakaṃ yadi syāt na kaścit doṣaḥ syāditi vaktuṃ lakṣaṇamākhyātamasyetī'ti | (nyāyabi. ṭīkā 14)

atha svasaṃvedanapratyakṣaṃ nirūpayati-sarvacittacaittānāmityādinā | yaccittacaittānāmātmasaṃvedanaṃ bhavati tadeva svasaṃvedanamucyate ityarthaḥ | tadetad vyācaṣṭe--cittamityādinā | vastumātragrāhīti--nīlādibāhyavastumātragrāhipratyakṣamityarthaḥ | citte bhavāścaittāḥ--naite bāhyāḥ, anya eva nīlādibhyo bāhyebhyaḥ sātādaya ābhyantarāḥ, dṛśyamānasya nīlādervastuno viśeṣāvasthāgrāhakā jñānaprabhedāḥ sukhaduḥkhopekṣālakṣaṇā nīlādivastuṣu sākṣātkriyamāṇeṣu jāyante, tānyetāni yena rūpeṇa saṃvedyante tat svasaṃvedanapratyakṣamucyate | tadaṃpi hi kalpanāpoḍhamabhrāntaṃ ca | idamabhihitaṃ bhavati--nīlādibāhyavastusākṣātkārasamaye sa sākṣātkāro nānavabhāsamānastiṣṭhati nīlādivat, tathā sātādikamapi, tadeṣāmavabhāsaḥ svenaivotpanna iti svasaṃvedanaṃ pratyakṣamucyate iti | āha cācāryadiṅnāgaḥ --

'cittamapyartharāgādi svasaṃvinnirvikalpakam' iti | vṛttiśca--'cittamapi rūpādīnupalabdhvā yadanubhavākāreṇa vartate, tannirvikalpakameva | icchākrodhamohasukhaduḥkhādikaṃ hi indriyamanapekṣya bhavatīti svasaṃvedanaṃ pratyakṣamiti | (pramāṇasamuccaya | 17)

nanu svasaṃvedanamityanena svenaiva svayaṃ saṃvedyata ityuktaṃ bhavati nacaikasyāmeva kriyāyāmekasyaiva kartṛtvaṃ karmatvaṃ copapadyate ityāśayena śaṅkate -- atra kecidāhuriti | nāvayavārthayogenāyaṃ śabdo'tra pravartate, kintu--prakāśakāntaranirapekṣaprakāśasvabhāvatāmabhipretya svasaṃvedanamityucyate ityāśayena samādhatte -- atrocyate ityādinā |

vyavasthāpyavyavasthāpakabhāveneti | sarvameva vastu hetubalādutpadyamānaṃ bhinnabhinnasvabhāvamutpadyate iti vastūnāṃ svabhāvaviśeṣe vyavasthāpakastattaddhetureva, tasmāt vastusvabhāvavyavasthāpako hetuviśeṣaḥ, tadvyavasthāpyaśca vastusvabhāvaviśeṣa iti bhāvaḥ | prakāśakāntaranirapekṣaprakāśasvabhāvatāmupapādayati--yathetyādinā |

naiyāyikābhimatāṃ jñānasya jaḍarūpatāṃ pratikṣipati--nacetyādinā | jñānasya jñānāntara prakāśyatve kiṃ samakālavartinā jñānāntareṇa prakāśyate uta bhinnakālavartineti vikalpya kramād dūṣayati--na tāvaditi | prakāśyaprakāśakabhāvo hyupakāryopakārakabhāvalakṣaṇaḥ, sa ca samakālabhāvinorna ghaṭate | na hi vāmadakṣiṇaviṣāṇayormitha upakāryopakārakabhāva iti bhāvaḥ | nāpīti | jñānaṃ svānantarotpannena jñānāntareṇa ahamidaṃ jānāmītyanuvyavasāyātmakenāvabhāsyate ityetannopapadyate | vastumātrasya kṣaṇikatvena dvitīyakṣaṇe tasya vināśāt kva prakāśāvasaraḥ, ato jñānamātramaprakāśātmakaṃ syāt | kāṇādā hi jñānasya kṣaṇadvayāvasthāyitvamabhyupagacchanto'nuvyavasāyagocaratvamupapādayanti | vastumātrasya kṣaṇabhaṅgasamarthanena na tadvādasyāvakāśaḥ |

parokṣaṃ yadi tat jñānamiti | kṣaṇikasyāsya jñānasya jñānāntarasaṃvedyatvāsaṃbhavāt svasaṃvedyatvasya cānabhyupagame ghaṭādivat parokṣatvāt ghaṭādibāhyārthasadharmatayā jñānamiti ko'yamarthavilakṣaṇo vyapadeśaḥ | parokṣasyāsya prakāśakaṃ na kimapīti tatsvarūpaṃ kena vā lakṣyetetyarthaḥ |

jñānasya svasaṃvedyatvānabhyupagame'niṣṭaṃ prasañjayati--apicetyādinā | nāgṛhīteti | viśiṣṭajñāne viśeṣaṇajñānasya hetutvāditi yāvat |

nanu bhavati cākṣuṣaṃ rūpamiti jñānaṃ, cakṣuścāpratyakṣam, agṛhītamapi taccakṣurvijñāyate rūpasya viśeṣaṇatayā | tannāgṛhītaviśeṣaṇā viśiṣṭabuddhiriti nāyaṃ niyamaḥ, tasmādasaṃviditasyāpi jñānasya jñāto'rtha ityarthaviśeṣaṇatayā'vabhāso yujyata ityāśayena śaṅkate -- yaccoktamiti | cākṣuṣaṃ rūpamiti vijñāne na cakṣurviśeṣaṇatayā'vabhāsate, apitu cakṣurvijñānam, idaṃ ca vijñānasya svasaṃvedyatvamantarā nopapadyate iti naḥ pakṣa eva siddhyatītyāśayena pratividhatte -- tadasādhviti |

jñānasya svasaṃvedyatvaṃ na karmakartṛbhāvena, kintu vyavasthāpyavyavasthāpakabhāvenetyetadupasaṃharati--tasmāditi | āptavacanaṃ svoktārthe saṃvādayati--yathāktamiti | vijñānaṃ jaḍasvarūpebhyo nīlādyarthebhyo vyāvṛttaṃ--vilakṣaṇamahaḍarūpameva--prakāśasvabhāvameva svahetorjāyate | asya jñānasya yeyamajaḍarūpatā saivāsya jñānasya ātmasaṃvittiḥ svasaṃvedyatetyarthaḥ | iyaṃ ca kārikā śāntarakṣitasya (tattvasaṃgraha 559)

vyākhyātā ca kamalaśīlena-'nahi grāhakabhāvenātmasaṃvedanamabhipretam, kiṃ tarhi, svayaṃ--prakṛyā prakāśātmatayā nabhastalālokavad' iti |

nanu dīpasya paraprakāśakasya svaprakāśasvabhāvatevāstu nīlādibāhyārthaprakāśakasya jñānasya svaprakāśatā, arthānavabhāsakasya sukhasya sā katham | sukhādayastu svāśrayāśrita jñānāvabhāsyāḥ jñānato bhinnāḥ |

atrocyate--rūpādyanubhavasamakālameva bhavati sukhānubhavo'pi | evaṃ sati kenāvabhāsyate sukhamiti vaktavyam | nanvanenaiva rūpāvabhāseneti na vaktuṃ śakyam, bāhyālambanenānenābhyantarasya sukhakyāvabhāsaḥ kathaṃ ghaṭeta | nanu mānasenānyena jñāneneticet jñānānāṃ kramikatvaniyamo'bhyupagato vihanyeta | nanu nīlāvalabivijñānasamanantaraṃ mānasaṃ vijñānamutpadyate, yena sukhamavabhāsyate, jñānānāmutpattāveva tu kramaniyamaḥ, sthitistu yugapadapi, bāhyarūpānubhavasamakālameva sukhānubhavo bhavatītyapi nopahatamiti | na | vastumātrasya kṣaṇikatvena tadanupapatteḥ | kiñca--nīlādivat sukhasya jñānāntarāvabhāsyatve nīlādivadvicchinnaprabhāsitvamāpadyeta | prapañcitaṃ caitat śāntarakṣitena--

'avedakāḥ parasyāmī svavidbhājaḥ kathaṃ nu te |
ekārthāśritavijñānavedyāstvete bhavanti cet |
nairantaryapravṛtte hi bāhyavastūpalambhane |
sukhādi vedyate kasmāt tasmin kāle nirantaram | (tattvasaṃ. 396)

ityādinā |

yogijñānaṃ nirūpayati-bhūtārtheti | bhūtārthabhāvanāprakarṣaparyantajaṃ yajjñānaṃ tad yogijñānamityarthaḥ | lakṣyavākyaṃ vyācaṣṭe--yoga ityādinā | niḥśeṣeti | cittaikāgratayā sādhyate niḥśeṣatattvavivecikā prajñā, saiva yogaśabdenocyate, sādhye sādhanopacārāditi bhāvaḥ | tatpratyakṣamiti | tasya yogino jāyamānaṃ pratyakṣamityarthaḥ | lakṣaṇavākyaṃ vyācaṣṭe--bhūtārtha ityādinā | bhūtaśabdasya kālaviśeṣaparatābhramaṃ vyāvartayan vyācaṣṭe--pramāṇopapannārtha iti | tasya bhāvanā, kā bhāvanā, āha--punaḥ punaścetasi samāropa iti | tasyāḥ prakarṣaḥ - bhāvyamānārthasya sphuṭābhatvārambhāvasthā, tasya paryantaḥ--sphuṭabhatvāvyajahitapūrvāvasthā sphuṭatvonmukhībhūtā, tāmavasthāṃ nidarśanena pradarśayati dharmottarācāryaḥ--'abhrakavya--vahitamiva yadā bhāvyamānaṃ vastu paśyati sā prakarṣaparyantajāvastheti | (nyāya bi. ṭīkā 15) tasmāt prakarṣaparyantājjātaṃ yat jñānaṃ bhūtārthasphuṭāvabhāsātmakaṃ karatalāmalakāvabhāsavadbhavati tadidaṃ yogipratyakṣamiti yāvat | taccedaṃ nivirkalpakamiti kalpanāpoḍhamabhrāntamiti pratyakṣalakṣaṇamupapannam | tadidamabhipretyāha--kalpanāpoḍhamabhrāntamiti |

uktaṃ cācāryadiṅnāgena--'yogināṃ gurunirdeśādasaṃkīrṇārthamātradṛk' | (pramāṇasamuccaya 17) 'yathā cittaṃ nirvikalpakaṃ tathā yogināṃ jñānamapi bhavati | yogaḥ samādhiḥ sa yasyāsti sa yogī | atra viṣayeṇa viṣayinirdeśaḥ | āgamasya savikalpatvaṃ nirdeśaśabdenoktaṃ tenāsaṃkīrṇaṃ rahitamityarthaḥ | anena sphuṭābhatvamapi gamyate | mātraśabdaḥ āropitavyavacchedārthaḥ' iti ṭīkāyāṃ vyākhyātam |

prasaṅgād bhūtārthānnirūpayati -- bhūtārtha ityādinā | ke bhūtārthāḥ, te ca kathaṃ bhāvayitavyāḥ, yadbhāvanāprakarṣaparyantajaṃ yogijñānam, tadetadāha--bhūtārthāścaturāryasatyamityādinā pratipattavyamityantena | catvāryāryasatyāni duḥkhaṃ samudayo nirodho mārgaśceti | tatra duḥkhaṃ yadidaṃ bhūtacatuṣṭayaṃ ye ceme viṣayā rūpādayaḥ, yāni ca cakṣurādīnīndriyāṇi, sarvamidaṃ duḥkhapariṇatitvenaikarāśyena duḥkhamityucyate | yena hetunā'sya bhavati samudayaḥ, sa samudaya ucyate | yaścāsya duḥkhasya nirodho nirvāṇakakṣaṇaḥ sa nirodha ucyate | yo nirodhasya dvāraṃ samyag jñānādiḥ sa mārga ucyate | pañcaskandhasvabhāvamiti | rūpaskandho vedanāskandhaḥ saṃjñāskandhaḥ saṃskāraskandho vijñānaskandha iti pañcaskandhāḥ | duḥkhasamudayanirodhamārgāṇāmeteṣvanyatamatayā pañcaskandhasvabhāvamityucyate | rūpaskandhādīnāṃ vivekastu anyato bodhyaḥ |

nanu tadevedamiti pratyabhijñāyamānasya sarvasya kṣaṇikatvabhāvanaṃ kathamityatrāha--yatsattatkṣaṇikamityanumāneneti | seyaṃ dīpajvāleti pratyabhijñānamivedamapi pratyabhijñānamanumānapramāṇabādhitatayā bhramarūpamiti yāvat | etadanumānavicāro'nyato bodhyaḥ |

viṣaye vipratipattiṃ nirasyannāha--tasyetyādinā | vyācaṣṭe tadeva svavākyaṃ--'tasya-caturvidhasyeti | lakṣaṇaṃ--lakṣyate vastu yena rūpeṇa tallakṣaṇaṃ--vastuno rūpam | yadasādhāraṇaṃ rūpaṃ tat svamucyate, asādhāraṇaṃ vastunastattvaṃ svalakṣaṇamityuktaṃ bhavati | tadetadāha--svalakṣaṇamityasādhāraṇaṃ vasturūpaṃ deśakālākāraniyatamiti | yatsāmānyaṃ paraiḥ pratyakṣasya viṣaya iṣyate tattu aniyatadeśakālākāram, tanna pratyakṣasya viṣaya iti yāvat | idameva viśadayati -- ghaṭādirityādinā | pramāṇagocaro hi dvividhaḥ, grāhyaḥ prāpaṇīyaśceti, yadākāraṃ jñānamutpadyate sa grāhyaḥ, yena rūpeṇādhyavasyati sa prāpaṇīyaḥ, tatra pratyakṣaṃ deśakālākāraniyatena ghaṭādisvalakṣaṇākāreṇaivotpadyate iti pratyakṣasya gocaraḥ svalakṣaṇamucyate | tatsantānavartī anyo ghaṭakṣaṇo'dhyavasyate pratyakṣasamanantarabhāvinā'dhyavasāyena | anityatvādyanekadharmodāsīna iti | anityatvādibhirdharbhairaviśeṣita iti yāvat |

eteneti | svalakṣaṇasyaiva pratyakṣaviṣayatvopapādanenetyarthaḥ | dravyādiṣu ṣat su dravyaṃ guṇaḥ karma ceti trayāṇāṃ sattājātiyogenaikarāśyaṃ parābhimataṃ vyañjayannāha -- yathā'vayavi dravyaṃ guṇaḥ karmeti | sāmānyaviśeṣayoḥ samavāyapratiyogitvameva, na samavāyānuyogitā, iti tayoraikarāśyam | samavāye tu na tadubhayamapīti tebhyo viṣeṣaḥ | parābhimatā iti | paraiḥ --kāṇādairākṣapādaiścetyarthaḥ |

parairdvayaṃ nityānityavibhāgena dvedhā iṣyate | tatra sarvasya vastunaḥ kṣaṇikatvasamarthanenaiva nityadravyanirāsāt tasya pratyakṣaviṣayatvaṃ nirastaṃ bhavati | atha yadavayavi dravyaṃ tasya pratyakṣaviṣayatvaṃ nirasyati -- tathāhi ghaṭādāvityādinā |

ayamāśayaḥ--dṛśyate nāma ghaṭādi sthūlaṃ vastu, na sthūlamityetāvatā'vayavi vastvantaraṃ tat | ye nāmāṇavasta eva saṃhatāḥ sthūlatayā'vabhāsante, na cāṇavo'dṛśyasvabhāvāḥ | paramāṇavo nityā adṛśyā iti ca yatsattatkṣaṇikamityato nirastam | yadupalabhyate sthūlamiti tatra bhāgā eva aṃśā eva hi dṛśyante natvaṃśī kaścidavayavī, pūrvāparādivibhāgeṣu yadā pūrvo bhāgo dṛśyate tadā tu nāparaḥ, apare vibhāge tu cakṣuḥpathāgocare naiva bhavati nīlādyavadhāraṇam | kimaparo vibhāgo nīlo vā śukla iti saṃśaya eva | yadyavayavī dṛṣṭaḥ, avadhāritānavadhāritabhāgabhedavyavasthā nopapadyet | tasmāt keśa eko nopalabhyate sa eva saṃhata upalabhyate, evamime cāṇavo bhāgāḥ saṃhatā upalabhyante | bhāgebhyo'nyo bhagī ko'pyavayavī syāt, makṣikādināṃśatastirohito'yamavayavī tirohita eveti naivopalabhyeta | ato yuktaṃ bhāgā eva bhāsanta iti |

atrāptasaṃvādaṃ darśayati--yadāha nyāyaparameśvara iti | tathā tathā saṃniviṣṭāḥ-pūrvāparātmanā saṃniviṣṭāḥ, (grīvātmanā kambvātmanā saṃniviṣṭāḥ) ābhyo bhāgebhyo'nyastadvān--bhāgavān vibhāgaḥ--avayavivibhāgo naiva dṛśyate | na hi tantubhyo'nyaḥ pato nāmāvayavī dṛśyate, tathā tathā saṃniviṣṭāstantava eva tu dṛśyante | evameva tantuṣvapyūhyam |

guṇakarmādīnāṃ ca dūṣaṇaṃ pratyetavyamiti | dūṣaṇaprakāraścāyaṃ--gṛhābyantarasthite ghaṭādau mahati kuñcikādisūkṣmavivaravartinā''lokena dṛśyamāne samupalabhyate nīlamaṃśataḥ, taccaikamavayavisamavetamanaṃśamabhyupagacchatāmekāṃśopalambho na syāt, sarvata evopalabhyeta | tathā āmraphale kasmiṃścidāsvādyamāne āsvādyamānāṃśe samupalabhyamāno madhurarasaḥ sarvāṃśenopalabhyeta, na ca bhavati tathā, tat na rūparūpivibhāgaḥ, aṃśā eva tūpalabhyanta iti tu susyitam | evaṃ guṇāntaranirasanamanvato bodhyam | kṣaṇavināśiṣu sarveṣu bhāveṣu kriyāyāḥ kaḥ prasaṅgaḥ | sāmānyādinirāso'pyanyato bodhyaḥ |

atha pramāṇe phalavipratipattiṃ nirasyannupakramate--nanu pramitirūpāmityādinā | pramīyate'neneti pramāṇapadavyutpattyanurodhāt | pramitau yat karaṇaṃ tat pramāṇamiti siddhyati | pramāṇaṃ ca jñānamiṣṭam | kā'sau pramitiḥ, tatkaraṇaṃ ca tato'nyat pramāṇabhūtaṃ jñānaṃ kiṃ, bhedena hi tayoḥ phalaphalibhāvo nirūpaṇīyaḥ | pratyakṣapramāṇatayā bhavadabhimate pramāṇatatphalayorbhedo durnirūpa ityāśaṅkiturāśayaḥ |

āśaṅkāṃ pariharati--ucyate ityādinā | nīlāderarthāditi | nīlādibāhyārthāvalambi yadvijñānamutpadyate, tad dvirūpamutpadyate ityarthaḥ | dvairūpyamāha--nīlākāranīlabodhasvarūpaṃ ceti | tadevamekasyaiva pratyakṣasya dvairūpyate sati tatra yāṃīlākāravyāvṛttilakṣaṇā nīlākāratā jñānasya, tadeva prāmāṇyam, yā cānīlabodhavyāvṛttilakṣaṇā nīlabodhātmatā saiva tasya phalarūpatā, iti phalaphalibheda ityāśayenāha--tatretyādinā |

nirgalitamarthamāha--yathoktamarthetyādinā | asya -- nīlādibāhyālambanasya pratyakṣasya yathoktamarthasārūpyaṃ--nīlādisārūpyamanīlākāravyāvṛttilakṣaṇaṃ, pramāṇamucyate | yathoktā--anīlabodhavyāvṛttilakṣaṇā nīlārthāvagatiḥ phalamucyate ityarthaḥ |

nanvekasminneva pratyakṣe phalaphalibhedaḥ kathaṃ, sādhyasādhanabhāvanibandhano hi sa iti śaṅkāṃ vyudasyannāha--etaccetyanena | ayamāśayaḥ--na sādhyasādhanabhāvaniyataḥ phalaphalibhāvaḥ, ekasyāpyākārabhedena sa hyupapadyate yadyapyatra nāsti paramārthato bhedo vastunaḥ, pratyakṣaṃ tu vastuta ekameva | athāpi idaṃ pramāṇamidaṃ pramāṇaphalamityākārabhedādbhinnaṃ vyavasthāpyate | iyaṃ ca phalaphalibhāvavyavasthā pratyakṣasamanantarasamutpannena savikalpakena vyavasthāpyata iti | āha ca dharmottarācāryaḥ--'tasmādasārūpyavyāvṛttyā sārūpyaṃ jñānasya vyavasthāpanahetuḥ anīlabodhavyāvṛttyā ca nīlabodharūpatvaṃ vyavasthāpyaṃ, vyavasthāpakaśca vikalpapratyayaḥ pratyakṣabalotpanno draṣṭavya' iti | (nyāyabinduṭīkā 19) āhacedamatra śāntarakṣitaḥ--

'viṣayādhitagiścātra pramāṇaphalamiṣyate |
svavittirvā pramāṇaṃ tu sārūpyaṃ yogyata'pivā' ||
(tatvasaṃpa-398)

iti | vyākhyātaṃ caitat kamalaśīlena--'bāhye'rthe prameye viṣayādhigamaḥ pramāṇaphalaṃ, sārūpyaṃ tu pramāṇam' | 'jñānātmani tu prameye svasaṃvittiḥ phalaṃ, yogyatā pramāṇam iti | samanantaraślokavyākhyāne ca --nīlāspadaṃ saṃvedanaṃ na pītasyeti viṣayādhigati-vyavasthāyā arthasārūpyameva nibandhanaṃ nānyaditi vyavasthāpyavyavasthāpakabhāvena sādhyasādhanavyavasthā, ' ' tasmāt sākārameva jñānaṃ pramāṇaṃ na nirākāraṃ..................... vyavasthā ca tatpṛṣṭhalabdhena vikalpena veditavye'ti |

idamatra bodhyaṃ--nīlādibāhyaviṣayasārūpyaṃ pramāṇaṃ, nīlādiviṣayāvagatiḥ phalam, iti vaibhāṣikāḥ | nīlādinā bāhyena jñāne āhitaḥ svākāraḥ pramāṇaṃ svasaṃvittiḥ phalaṃ, na viṣayāvabhāsaḥ iti sautrāntikāḥ | apratyakṣo hyeṣāṃ bāhyo viṣayaḥ, anumeyārthavādino hyete | anādivāsanopaplāvito yo'yaṃ jñānasyaiva bahirvadavabhāsamāna ākāraḥ, sa eva tu prameyaḥ, pramāṇaṃ tu jñānasya svākāraḥ, yā grāhakatā yogyateti cocyate, svasaṃvittiḥ phalamiti yogācārāḥ | ete vijñānamātravādinaḥ | imaṃ matabhedaḥ manasi nidhāyācāryadiṅnāga idamāha --

'savyāpārapratītatvāt pramāṇaṃ phalameva tat |
pramāṇatvopacārastu nirvyāpāre na vidyate |
viṣayākāra evāsya pramāṇaṃ tena mīyate |
svasaṃvittiḥ phalaṃ vā'tra tadrūpādarthaniścayāt ||
yadābhāsaṃ prameyaṃ tat pramāṇamatha tatphalam |
grāhakākārasaṃvittī trayaṃ nātaḥ pṛthakkṛtam ' || pramāṇasa. ślo. 9-10-11

iti | pratyakṣe pramāṇatatphalayorvastubhedo nāstītyatra dharmakīrtavacanaṃ pramāṇayati-yathoktamiti | nanu kiṃ sārūpyaṃ jñānasyārthena, nirākāraṃ tu jñānamityāśaṅkāṃ nirasyannāha-yadi punariti |

iti pratyakṣaparicchedaḥ


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anumānaparicchedaḥ

athānumānaṃ vibhajate--anumānaṃ dvidheti | nanvanirūpyānumānasāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ tadvibhajanamanucitam, lakṣaṇa eva hi prathamato jijñāsā samudeti | satyam | sati samanugate lakṣaṇe prathamaṃ tadeva nirūpaṇiyam | asati tu viśeṣayoreva | svārthaṃ jñānātmakaṃ parārthaṃ tu vacanātmakam, tadenayorvisajātīyayornaikaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ ghaṭate | tat prathamaṃ vibhajyaiva tayorlakṣaṇaṃ vaktavyamiti yukto vibhāgaḥ |

svārthamityetad vyutpādayati--svasmai yat tat svārthamiti | parārthānumānādbhedamāha-jñānātmakamiti | svārthatāmupapādayati-parvatādāvityādinā | parārthamityetat vyutpādayati--parasmai yattatparārthānumānamiti | parārthatāmupapādayati--trirūpetyādinā | jñānaviśeṣabodhakasyānumānaśabdasya śabde pravṛttīiḥ kathamityata āha--upacārāditi |

nanu--trirūpaliṅgāvabodhakamekatra darśanamanyatra śabdaḥ, tāvatā kathamanumānadvaividhyam, yadyevaṃ cakṣuṣo'pi parārthānumānatvaṃ prasajet | maivam | trirūpaliṅgasūcakaḥ śabdaḥ, śabdo hyarthasya vivakṣādvāreṇa bhavati sūcakaḥ | cakṣustu sākṣāt trirūpaliṅgapratyāyakaḥ | sūcaka eva tu parārthānumānamityasmākaṃ paribhāṣeti | tathācoktaṃ śāntarakṣitena --

'trirūpaliṅgavacasaḥ sattāsaṃsūcakatvataḥ |
yatparārthānumānatvamuktaṃ tacchrotrapekṣayā ||
gauṇaṃ sāṅketikaṃ caivamanumānatvamāśritam |
saktasaṃsūcakatvena tena nātiprasajyate' || (tattvasaṃ. pa. 431)

iti | vyākhyātaṃ ca kamalaśīlena--'vacanasya yatparārthānumānatvamuktam, tacchrotrapekṣayā | tena vaktrapekṣābhāvī doṣo na bhavati | śrotrapekṣayā'pi trirūpaliṅgasūcanādupacāreṇānumānakāraṇatvāt samayādvā'numānatvamuktam | saktasaṃsūcaka evānumānasaṃjñāniveśāt tenendriyasyāvinābhāvitvasaṃbandhajñānasya ca parārthānumānatvaprasaṅgādatiprasaṅgo na bhavati | tayoḥ saktasaṃsūcakatvābhāvā'diti |

svārthānumanaṃ nirūpayati--tatra svārthamiti | trirūpaliṅgajanyamanumeyārthavijñānaṃ svārthānumānamiti yāvat | kiṃ tadanumeyārthavijñānam, yattrirūpaliṅgajñānādbhavati tadāha--tacceti | dharmiviśeṣeti | dharmiviśeṣaḥ--pakṣaḥ, sādhyāvinābhāvitvaniścayaḥ | liṅge iti śeṣaḥ | sapakṣeṣu saṃbaddhaṃ vipakṣebhyo vyāvṛttaṃ pakṣe ca saṃbaddhaṃ liṅgaṃ paśyataḥ pakṣāṃśena bhavati liṅge sādhyāvinābhāvitvaniścaya iti bhāvaḥ | agnyadhyavasāya ityanye iti | atrāgnirayamagnimānveti niścaya iti yāvat | sāmānyamasya viṣaya iti tu pūrvamevoktam |

anumānalakṣaṇe trirūpaṃ liṅgaṃ prasaktam; prasaktaṃ trairūpyaṃ nirūpayati--saṃpratītyādinā | tatra pakṣadharmatāsaṃjñakaṃ prathamaṃ rūpamāha--anumeye sattvameva niścitamiti | ko'yamanumeyaḥ ? āha--parvatādau dharmiṇīti | yadyapi parvataḥ pratyakṣeṇaivāvagataḥ, athāpi nāgnidharmā, ato'yamagnimān parvata ityagniviśiṣṭatayā bhavatyanumeyaḥ, tadidaṃ jñāpayitumuktaṃ parvate dharmiṇīti | satyapi trairūpye'niścite tasmin nānumānodaya ityetadavagamayannāha--niścitamiti | atra sattvagrahaṇeneti | liṅgasyānumeyārthāvabodhane sapakṣasattvādīni trīṇi bhavanti rūpāṇyaṅgāni | eteṣvanyatamenāpi vikalo bhavati liṅgābhāsaḥ | tatra pakṣa-sattvaṃ cedrūpaṃ neṣyate tadā'siddhe liṅgābhāse'tiprasaṅgaḥ syāttannimasāya tadrūpamupāttamiti bhāvaḥ | sattvamevetyayogavyacchedārthasyaivakārasya prayojanamāha--evakāreṇetyādinā | vyāvarthaṃ pakṣaikadeśāsiddhamudāharati--yathā digambaraprayoga iti | na sarveṣu taruṣviti | yo'yaṃ hetutayā nirdiṣṭaḥ svāpaḥ patrasaṅkocalakṣaṇaḥ, sa sarveṣu taruṣu pakṣeṣu nāsti, kecana hyasaṅkucitapatrā evāharniśam, nānena sarveṣu taruṣu siṣādhayiṣitaṃ cetanatvaṃ siddhyet, tasmāt pakṣaikadeśāsiddhaḥ asartyevakāre kasmiṃścittarau vivakṣitasya svāpasya sattvādatiprasaṅgaḥ syāt | evakāreṇa pakṣe'sattvasya vyavacchedānnātiprasaṅga iti bhāvaḥ |

niścitamityasya prayojanamāha--niścitagrahaṇeneti | ayamāśayaḥ -- asti nāma parvate dhūmaḥ, paśyato'sya taṃ dhūmo vā bāṣpo veti yadā saṃśayo'bhūt, tadā'yaṃ dhūmāditvena saṃdihyamāno bhūtasaṅghātaḥ sandigdhāsiddhaḥ, bāspa eva vā tayā sandigdhaḥ | atra pakṣasattvaṃ mātrajñātamiti bhavatyatiprasaṅga iti bhāvaḥ | idamatra bodhyam--liṅgena trirūpeṇa bhāvyam, ekarūpavaikalye'pyasalliṅgameva | trarūpyāṃśe ced bhramastena jāyamānaṃ jñānaṃ nānumānaṃ bhrama eva, trarūpyāṃśe cet saṃśayo na bhavedevānumānam, na hyakṣamiva sattayaiva liṅgaṃ jñānaṃ janayituṃ prabhavati | evaṃ sthite kiṃ liṅgalakṣaṇavicāre niścayapadagrahaṇavicāreṇeti |

sattvāśabdātpaścādevakāreṇeti | ayamāśayaḥ--anumeya eva sattvaṃ celliṅgasya rūpamucyeta, pakṣādanyato vyāvartyeta, tathāsati sapakṣasattvaṃ rūpamaparaṃ vyāhataṃ bhavati, tathā ca sati bhavatyasādhāraṇe sapakṣavipakṣavyāvṛtte pakṣamātravṛttāvasādhāraṇe'tiprasaṅga iti |

atha dvitīyaṃ rūpaṃ nirūpayati--sapakṣa evetyādinā | iti vartate iti | iti ca vartata ityarthaḥ -- liṅgasyedaṃ dvitīyaṃ rūpamapi vartata iti bhāvaḥ | tatra sattvagrahaṇeneti | agṛhīte dvitīyaṃ rūpameva parityaktam, tathāsati--śabdo nityaḥ kṛtakatvādityasminviruddhe'tiprasaṅgaḥ, kṛtakatvaṃ hyasti pakṣe śabde, yadyapi tṛtīyaṃ rūpaṃ vipakṣe'sattvamityetanna viruddha iti na tatrātiprasaṅgāvakāśaḥ | athāpi tadrūpamadhunā'nupāttamityabhipretyedaṃ prayojanamuktam | saṃpakṣa eva sattvamiti dvitīyarūpagamyaṃ tu tat | upātte tu vipakṣāsattve sapakṣe sattvopādānasya asādhāraṇavyāvṛttiḥ prayojanam | śabdo nityaḥ śrāvaṇatvādityatra pakṣamātravṛtti śrāvaṇatvaṃ vipakṣata iva sapakṣato'pi hi vyāvṛttam |

sattvaśabdātpūrvasminnevakāreṇeti sapakṣe sattvamevetyanuktvā sapakṣa eva sattvamityuktyetyarthaḥ | sattvamevetyuktāvayogavyavacchedena sarveṣu sapakṣeṣu sattvaṃ vivakṣitaṃ syāt, tathā ca sati--prayatnānantarīyakatvena liṅgena śabde'nityatvasādhanaṃ vyāhanyeta | yadyatprayatnānantarīyakaṃ tattadanityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā ghaṭādi | nahi vidyudādāvanityatayā niścate prayatnānantarīyakatvaṃ netyetāvatā tasyānityatvasādhakatvaṃ hīyate | sapakṣeṣu sattvamevetyayogavyavacchedārthakaivakāragrahaṇe tu vidyudādau prayatnānantarīyakatvābhāvena tasya hetutvaṃ hīyate iti bhāvaḥ | na vidyudvaditi | ghaṭādayaḥ sapakṣā grāhyā yeṣu laṅgamidamasti, na vidyudādaya ityarthaḥ |

atha tṛtīyaṃ rūpamāha--asapakṣe cetti | asattvagrahaṇeneti | ayamāśayaḥ-vipakṣe'sattvameva niścitamityasmiṃstṛtīye rūpe'sattvaṃ cennopādīyeta, asapakṣe niścitamityarthaḥ syāt | tathāsati viruddhasyedaṃ rūpam, kathaṃ liṅgasya rūpaṃ bhavitumarhatīti | etena -- viruddhe liṅgalakṣaṇasya kathamatiprasaṅgāpādanaṃ ghaṭeta, dvitīyasya rūpasya sapakṣe sattvasyābhāvāditi śaṅkā parāstā | evakāreṇa sādhāraṇasyeti | vipakṣaikadeśavṛtteritiśeṣaḥ dhūme sādhye'gnau hetau sādhāraṇe'sti pakṣe sattvaṃ sapakṣe ca mahānasādau sattvam, vipakṣe ca kvacit hrade'sattvaṃ ceti trayāṇāmapi rūpāṇāṃ sattvādatiprasaṅgaḥ | evakāragrahaṇe cāyogavyavacchedalābhāt sarvebhyo vipakṣebhyo vyāvṛttatvalābhāt vipakṣe'yogolake vahneḥ sattvānnātiprasaṅga iti bhāvaḥ | nanu sapakṣa eva sattvamityavadhāraṇagarbhaṃ dvitīyaṃ rūpamuktam, tacca na sādhāraṇe syāt, kathamatiprasaṅgāvasaraḥ | na | dvitīyarūpāntargatāvadhāraṇartha eva tu tṛtīya rūpam, tadeva tu nirūpyate, tat adhunā avadhāraṇāghaṭitameva tu dvitīyaṃ rūpaṃ bodhyam |

niścitagrahaṇasya prayojanamāha--niścitagraṇeneti | vītarāgo'pi lokakalyāṇāyedaṃ vaktīti vadantaṃ vādiṇaṃ prayogeṇa nirasyati kaścit--avītarāgo'yaṃ puruṣaḥ vaktṛtvāt rathyāpuruṣavat iti | ayaṃ ca hetuḥ sandigdhānaikāntikaḥ, vītarāgo'pi kimiti na brūyādityastyeva sandehaḥ, yo nāvītarāgaḥ, sa na vaktā iti upalakhaṇḍādinidarśanena vyatireke samarthyamāne bhavati saṃśayaḥ upalagvaṇḍasyāvaktṛtvaṃ kiṃ vītarāgatvakṛtamuta svata eveti, tat vipakṣe'sattvaṃ na niścitamiti sandigdhānaikāntiko'yam, etadvyāvṛttaye niścitapadamiti bhāvaḥ |

evakāreṇa vipakṣaikadeśavṛtterityādi | idaṃ ca vākyaṃ 'niścitagrahaṇene'tyataḥ prāk 'evakāreṇa sādhāraṇasye'tyatraiva sthānamarhati | iha tu--evakāraḥ asattvagrahaṇātprāgeva 'asapakṣa evāsattva'miti kuto nopātta ityasya prayojanaṃ vaktavyam, tacca dharmoddharācāryeṇo dāhṛtam--'asattvavacanāt pūrvasminnavadhāraṇe'yamarthaḥ syāt vipakṣe eva yo nā'sti sa hetuḥ | tathā ca prayatnānantarīyakatvaṃ sapakṣe'pi sarvatra nāsti | tato na hetuḥ syāt | tataḥ pūrvaṃ na kṛta'miti | (nyāyabiṃ. ṭī. 23)

śaṅkate--nanviti | pariharati--neti pūrvavṛddhā ityādi | ayamāśayaḥ--tridhā bhavanti vipakṣāḥ sādhyābhāvavān sādhyavadanya sādhyaviruddhaśceti | tadanurodhena vyatirekāvadhāraṇamapi bhavati tredhā, yatra nāgnirna tatra dhūmaḥ, yo niragniḥ sa nirdhūmaḥ yatrāgniviruddhaṃ (jalaṃ) na tatra dhūma iti | eṣu trividheṣvanyatamaniyamajñāpanāya punarupādānamiti bhāvaḥ | yadvā--sādhyahetvorniyamo hi sambaddhayoreva, saṃbandhaśca tādātmyaṃ tadutpattirvā, yatra tadutpattiḥ--vahnerdhūmasya, yatra na vahnistatra na dhūma ityabhāvato bhavati vipakṣaḥ, yatra tu tādātmyaṃ--vṛkṣatādātmyaṃ śiśupāyāṃ tatra yo na vṛkṣaḥ sa na śiśupeti bhedataḥ | uṣṇo'yaṃ pradeśo vahnerityatra uṣṇaviruddhaḥ śītaḥ pradeśo bhavati vipakṣaḥ, ya uṣṇaḥ sa vahnimān, yastu śīto na sa tadvān, tadviruddhahimavāniti | teṣveteṣu vipakṣeṣu yathāyogyaṃ vyatireko bodhya iti vivekadyotanāya tṛtīyasya pṛthagupādānamiti bhāvaḥ | prayoganiyamārthamiti keciditi | parārthānumāne prayoge kārye niyamārtham, anvayayirūpavat vyatirekirūpamapi yo dhūmavān so'gnimān yo niragnaḥ sa nirdhūma iti prayoktavyamityetajjñāpanāyeti bhāvaḥ |

yadvā--prayoge kartavye niyamajñāpanārtham--ayamāśayaḥ--prayoge hi anvayo vyatireko vā niyamavāneva prayoktavyo na tadvirahitaḥ | anyathā śyāmo'yaṃ tatputratvādityapi prayogaḥ sādhuḥ syāt, yastatputraḥ sa śyāmaḥ putrāntaravat, yastu na śyāmaḥ sa na tatputra iti anvayavyatirekayoḥ prayogasaṃbhavāt | paraṃ na śyāmatvatatputratvayorasti kaścana pratibandhaḥ, yattayorna prayojyaprayojakabhāvo na vā tādātmyaṃ, tadanvayavyatirekau niyamavatoreva prayoktavyau, sati niyame dvayoranyataraprayoga eva tu paryāptaḥ, nobhayamapyapekṣitamiti dyotanāya pṛthaguktamiti bhāvaḥ | dharmottarācāryaścedamāha--taducyate ityādinā | (nyāyabiṃ. ṭī. 24)

liṅgaṃ vibhajate--trirūpāṇi ceti | trairūpyalakṣaṇalakṣitāni liṅgāni triprakārāṇi bhavantītyarthaḥ | trirūpāṇīti padaṃ vyācaṣṭe--trīṇi rūpāṇi yeṣāṃ tānīti | prakārabheda māha--anupalabdhirityādinā | liṅgānāṃ paryāyaśabdānāha--sādhanamityādinā | sukhapratipatteḥ prasiddheśca vibhajanakramavyutkrameṇa trīṇi tāni nirūpayati--tatra kāryamityādinā prayogamukhena | kāryaṃ liṅgaṃ darśayati--yatra dhūmastatrāgnirityanena | dhūmo hyagneḥ kāryam, tenedaṃ kāryaliṅgamucyate, kāryaṃ bhavati hetorgamakam | parārthānumāne vaktavyaṃ nyāyāvayavavibhāganirṇayamatraiva prasaṅgādāha--vyāptipakṣadharmatāsaṃjñakaṃ dvayamevati |

atra pareṣāṃ pakṣaṃ nirasyannanuvadati--anye tvityādinā | nirasyati--etaccāyuktatyādinā | ayamāśayaḥ--pratijñeyamanupayoginī, nahi sādhanāṅgaṃ pratijñā, nanu siṣādhayiṣitasya sādhyasyāvabodhanāya tadapekṣeti cet, kathamasambaddhamabhidadhyāt śabdaḥ, nahyasti śabdārthayoḥ sambandhaḥ, śabdapramāṇanirākaraṇāvasare saṃbandhābhāvaḥ samarthitaḥ prāk | nanu vivakṣāmavagamayati śabdaḥ | ataḥ pāramparyeṇa sādhyādhigatihetutvādbhavati pratijñā sādhanāṅgam | athāpi tadanaṅgameva tat | nahi saktaḥ saṃsūcyate tayā | na hi prathamaṃ siṣādhayiṣitāvabodhanamavaśyamapekṣyate | tasmādasaktasaṃsūcakatvātpratijñā nānumānāṅgam | vyāptipakṣadharmatāvacanābhyāmevānumānaniṣpatteḥ | nanvanavayavabhūtamapi yathā mahānase iti dṛṣṭāntapadaṃ prayujyate, tathā pratijñāvacanaṃ prathamaṃ prayoge siṣādhayiṣitajñāpanāya prayoktavyamiticet evaṃ sati vādinaṃ prativādinaṃ vā prayoganirdeśe pravartayat 'śabdasyānityatvaṃ sādhaya, nityatvaṃ sādhaye' tyādi prerayiturvacanamapi tathā syāt | āhacātra śāntarakṣitaḥ --

'pratijñādivaco'yanyaiḥ parārthamiti varṇyate |
asādhanaṅgabhūtvātpratijñā'nupayoginī ||
asaṃbaddhānna sākṣāddhi sā yuktā'rthopapādikā |
asaktasūcanānnāpi pāramparyeṇa yujyate ||
sādhyasādhanadharmasya viṣayasyopadarśanāt |
dṛṣṭāntapadavattveṣā sādhanāṅgaṃ yadīṣyate ||
abhyanujñādivākyena nanvatra vyabhicāritā |
niṣphalaṃ ca tadā tatra viṣayasyopadarśanam' ||
(tattvasaṃ. pa. -418)

iti | pratijñāyā avayavānaṅgatvenānupayuktatve siddhe pañcamyantahetuprayogasya kvopayoga ityāha -- pratijñāmantareṇeti | nigamanasyāvayavānaṅgatāmāha--yatra pratijñaiva nāstītyādinā | atradaṃ bodhyam--pratijñāvacanānnādhiko'rthaḥ siddhyati nigamanena | tat nigamanaṃ pratijñāmabhyupagacchatāṃ mate punaruktamāpadyate | tathācācāryadiṅnāgaḥ--'nigamanaṃ punaruktatvādeva na sādhana'miti | nanu--adhikārthaṃ nigamanam, pratijñā hi kevalaṃ sādhyanirdeśaḥ, pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayairye'rthā abhihitāste ekavākyatayā nigamyante'nena, ataeva ca nigamanamucyate anena cābādhitatvāśaṅkā nirasyata iti cet | naivam | yat śaṅkāvakāśa-eva nāstiḥ vyāptipakṣadharmatāvacanābhyāmeva pakṣe sādhyasya niścayāt | nahi tābhyāmapyanirasyamānā śaṅkā'nena vāryeta | tadidamutprekṣaṇaṃ svagoṣṭyāmeva śobhate | uktaṃ ca śāntarakṣitena --

'trirūpahetunirdeśasāmarthyādeva siddhitaḥ |
na viparyayaśaṅkā'sti vyarthaṃ nigamanaṃ vacaḥ ||' iti |
(tatvasaṃ. pa. - 421)

agnyādau sādhya iti | dṛśye agnyādau sādhye dṛśyo dhūmādiriti yāvat | agnau sati dhūmo dṛśyate, asati na dṛśyate, yadi dhūmo nāgneḥ kāryaṃ, asatyagnāvupalabhyet, nacopalabhyate, tasmāt pratyakṣānupalabdhā agneḥ kāryaṃ dhūma iti niścīyata iti bhāvaḥ | cakṣurādau sādhya iti | cakṣurāderadṛśyatvena pratyakṣānupalambhasyāsaṃbhavāt kādācitkatvena rūpādijñānasya cakṣurādikāryatvaṃ niścīyate iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu-sambaddhayoreva niyamaḥ, nāsambaddhayoḥ, sambandhaśca nāparastādātmyatadutpattibhyām, tat kāraṇaṃ kāryeṇānumīyet, svabhavena vā tādātmyalakṣaṇena tadātmā'numīyeta | atha kathaṃ rasāt rūpānumānam, nahi tayoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ, na ca rūpātmā rasa iti pareṣāmāśaṅkāyāmucyate -- ekasāmagryadhīnatvena bhavati rasena rūpānumānamiti | tadidamudāharati--rūpādivityādinā | ekasāmagryadhīnatvamupapādayati--atretyādinā | pūrvakamiti | avyavahitapūrvakamityarthaḥ | pūrvapūrvarūpāduttarottararūpotpattiriti yāvat |

pūrvapūñjāduttarapuñjotpattāviti | ayamāśayaḥ-- na kāṇādādyabhimato'vayavāvayibhāvaḥ saugatasaṃmataḥ, navā'vayavarūpamavayavirūpe avayavaraso'vayavirase kāraṇamiti | nāpi rūparūpibhedaḥ | kintu--pūrvapūrvarūpādilakṣaṇātpuñjāduttarottararūpādilakṣaṇapuñjāntarotpattiḥ, tatrottararūpāpekṣayā pūrvapūrvatvaṃ rasasyāpi tulyam | athāpi uttarottararūpāṇāṃ pūrvapūrvarūpasantānataiva, tathā rasānām rasasantānānataiva, tathā ca svasantānāpekṣayā uttarasya svayamevopādānam, tasmin rūpasantānalakṣaṇe puñje pūrvarasaḥ sahakārikāraṇamisyate uttarapuñje rasānubhavāt | evaṃ rasasantāne pūrvarūpaṃ sahakārikāraṇam | evaṃ ca sati rūpasāmagrī rasaghaṭitā rasasāmagrī rūpaghaṭitā, upādānanimittabhāve tu vinimayaḥ, tat rase samupalabhyamāne tatsāmagrīsādhyaṃ rūpamanumīyetaiveti |

atha svabhāvaṃ liñgaṃ nirūpayati--svabhāva ityādinā | svasattāmātrabhāvinīti svaṃ--hetuḥ, hetoryā sattā tayaiva bhavituṃ śīlaṃ yasya sa svasattāmātrabhāvī, tasmin sādhye sa hetuḥ svabhāva ucyate | śiṃśupāsattāmapekṣyaiva vṛkṣasattā, na tato'nyadapekṣate vṛkṣaḥ svabhavane | so'yaṃ svasattāmātrabhāvī | tasmin sādhye svabhāvo heturucyate iti saṃbandhaḥ | udāharati --yathetyādinā |

śaṅkate--nanviti | ekatve--abheda ityarthaḥ | pratijñātārthaikadeśatvāditi | pratijñātaḥ--sādhyatayā|bhimato yo'rtho vṛkṣaḥ, tadekadeśatvāt--teṣvanyatamatvādityarthaḥ | ayamāśayaḥ--sādhanena hyavagatena bhāvyam, sādhanatayā vivakṣitā śiṃśupā patraśākhādiviśeṣasaṃsthānalakṣaṇā cedavagatā, avagata eva sa vṛkṣa iti siddhasya kathaṃ sādhyateti | pariharatineti | mūḍhaṃ prati svabhāvaheturupayujyata ityetatat | āha ca dharmottarācāryaḥ--'pracuraśiṃśupe deśe'viditaśiṃśupāvyavahāro jaḍaḥ kenaciduccāṃ śiṃśupāmupadarśyocyate vṛkṣo'yamiti, tadā'sau jāḍyācchiṃśupāyā uccatvamapi vṛkṣavyavāranimittamavasyati | tadā yāmevānuccāṃ śiṃśupāṃ paśyati tāmevāvṛkṣamavasyati | tadā sa mūḍhaḥ śiṃśupātvamātranimitte vṛkṣavyavahāre pravartyate' iti | (nyāyabiṃ. ṭī. 28)

anupalabdhiṃliṅgaṃ nirūpayati--anupalabdhiryatheti | upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyeti | upalabdhiḥ--jñānam, tasyā lakṣaṇam--sāmagrī, tatra prāptaḥ, janakatayā sāmagryanupraviṣṭaḥ | dṛśya iti yāvat | viṣayo'pi jñānasāmagryantarbhūtaḥ | śaṅkate--nanviti | dṛśyatā--dṛśigocaratā | dṛśyati na dṛśigocaratvaṃ vivakṣitam, api tu dṛśigocaratvena saṃbhāvyamānatvameva | tadevopalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptamityucyate ityabhiprāyeṇa samādhatte--ekendriyetyādinā | ghaṭastadāśrayaḥ pradeśaścaikendriyagrāhyau, sati ghaṭe āśrayeṇa sahava so'pyupalabhyeta, yadi nopalabhyate darśanayogyasyāpi tasya na dṛśigocaratetyetadadarśanamanupalabdhirucyate, seyamanupalabdhirghaṭābhāve liṅgaṃ bhavatītyarthaḥ | upalambhapratyayāntareti | pratyayaḥ kāraṇam, upalambhasya yāni pratyayāntarāṇi--ālambanādanyāni kāraṇāni indriyādīni tatsākalyāt |

anupalabdhiśabdena vivakṣitamarthamāha--sacetyādinā | saca -- anupalabdhiśabdavācyo hetuśca | castvarthe | ekajñānasaṃsargīti | indriyapraṇidhānayogyaṃ pradeśatadāśraya-vastudvayamanyonyasāpekṣamekajñānasaṃsargītyucyate, tayormadhye ya ekaḥ padārthaḥ pradeśaviśeṣaḥ, sa kevalamupalabhyamānaḥ, tasmāt tadupalambhāccetyarthaḥ | karmakartṛbhāveneti | viviktaḥ pradeśa ālambanabhūtaḥ karmocyate, upalambhastatprakāśakatvāt kartṛ ucyate | tadidamubhayamihānupalabdhiśabdena vivakṣitamiti bhāvaḥ | upalabdhinivṛttimātraparatve asādhakatāmāha--na tvityādinā | taddhi svayameveti | jñānābhāvamātraṃ hi asatyāṃ jñānasāmagryāmastyevetyarthaḥ | na kiciditi | akiñcitkaramityarthaḥ | paryudāsavṛttyāśrayaṇena anyasya yasyakasyacit jñānamanupalabhaśabdārthatayā na grāhyamityāha--nāpītti | anupalabdhiśabdārthamupasaṃharati--tasmāditi | viśiṣṭameveti | itaravyāvṛttamityarthaḥ--viviktaḥ pradeśaviśeṣaḥ, tajjñānaviśeṣaśca, na tu yaḥ kaścana pradeśo yatkiñcid jñānamiti bhāvaḥ | uktaṃ ca dharmottarācāryeṇa--'tasmāt sa eva ghaṭaviviktapradeśastadālambanaṃ ca jñānaṃ dṛśyānupalambhaniścayahetutvād dṛśyānupalambha ucyate' iti | (nyāyabiṃ. ṭī. 26) seyamanupalabdhirnābhāve liṅgam, apitvabhāvavyavahāre ityāha-- ataevetyādinā | abhāve pratyakṣeṇāvagamyamāne tadvyavahāro'pi nenaiva bhavediti tasya vā kutaḥ sādhanāpekṣā, tatrāha--mūḍhaṃ pratītyādi |

anupalabdherlinṅgasya sādhyasyāsadravyavahārayogyatvasya ca saṃbandhaṃ nirūpayati--anupalambhasyetyādinā | karmadharmapakṣa iti | paryudāsavṛttyā'nupalabdhiśabdārthavivecanāvasare viviktapradeśaviśeṣasyopalambhakarmatayā tajjñānasya tatprakāśakasya kartṛtayā cānupalabdhipadārthatvamuktam | tamimaṃ bhedamabhipretya karmadharmapakṣe svabhāvaṃ saṃbandhaṃ kartṛdharmapakṣe kāryatvaṃ saṃbandhaṃ copapādayati--tathāhītyādinā | jñānaṃ tu pradeśasya kāryamiti | ālambanasya jñāne kāraṇatvāt | āśaṅkate nanvati | pariharati--pratiṣedhasādhanādbheda iti | atrāptasaṃvādaṃ pramāṇayati--yathoktamiti | ācāryadharmakīrtinetyetat |

upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyetyasya prayojanamāha--upalabdhīti | deśataḥ kālataḥ svabhāvato vā yo viprakṛṣṭaḥ sa hi nopalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaḥ, ato na tadabhāvagraho bhaveduktānupalabdhyabhāvāditi bhāvaḥ |

iyaṃ cānupalabdhirvartamānakāla ivātītakāle'pi jātu pramāṇam, bhaviṣyatkāle tu naiva pramāṇamityāha--iyaṃ cetyādinā |

yadāha--nyāyavādīti | idaṃ ca ' amūḍhasmṛtisaṃskārasye'tyādi 'sādhinī' tyantaṃ vacanamācāryadharmakīrtinā nyāyabindāvuktam | (nyāya vi. 105) ayamasyārthaḥ--amūḍhaḥ abhraṣṭaḥ smṛtijanakaḥ saṃskāro yasmin ghaṭādāvarthe so'yamamūḍhasmṛtisaṃskāraḥ, evambhūtasyātītasya, tathā vartamānasya ca pratipattṛpratyakṣasya--pratipattuḥ pratyakṣo ghaṭādirarthaḥ, tasya nivṛttiranupalabdhirabhāvavyavahārasādhinīti | nyāyabinduṭīkāyāṃ cedaṃ vacanaṃ vistareṇa vyākhyātam | (nyāya vi. ṭī. 33)

anupalabheḥ prakārabhedānnirūpayati--tatratyādinā | atreti dharminirdeśaḥ | nāsti dhūma iti sādhyanirdeśaḥ | svabhāvānupalabdherviviktapradeśatadupalaṃbharūpatvena pradeśopalambhenaivābhāvo'pyalabdha iti nābhāvasyā sādhyatā | apitvabhāvavyavahārayogyatvatvasyaiva | uktaṃcedaṃ prākū | anyatra kāryānupalabdhyādāvabhāvasya tadvyavahārasya ca sādhyatā | 1 |

kāryānupalabdhiryatheti | pratiṣedhyasya yatkāryaṃ tasyānupalabdhirityarthaḥ | dhūmābhāvāditi | yadyapyabhāvo liṅgam, athāpyanupalabdhigamyaḥ sa kāryābhāva ityanupalabdhiviśeṣeṣu nirūpitaḥ | sarva ete kāryānupalabdhyādayaḥ svabhāvahetāveva samāveśamarhanti, athāpi prayogavaicitryāttu prapañco'yam | vakṣyati ca svayam -- ete cetyādinā | prayuktibhedena paraṃ bheda iti | dṛśyānupalabdheryatraivāsaṃbhavastatraiva kāryānubdhirāśrayaṇīyā, anyathā tata eva tatsiddheḥ | atra ca dhūmakāraṇasya vyavahitatvenādṛśyatayā kāryānupalambho bhavati liṅgam | satyapi kāreṇe prabandhavaśātkāryānupalambho ghaṭeta, ata uktamapratibaddhasāmarthyānīti | 2 |

kāraṇānupalabdhiryatheti | niṣedhyasya dhūmasya yatkāraṇaṃ dahanastasyānupalabdheridaṃ sādhyate --nātra dhūmo dahanābhāditi | nanu dahanasced dṛśyeta tatprabhavo dhūmo'pi dṛśyetaiva, yadi sa nopalabhyate sopīti dṛśyānupalambhenaiva dhūmābhāvasyāpi niścayasaṃbhavāt kimiti tatsādhanaprasaṅgaḥ | ucyate--viralatamasi prabhātasamaye hrade hemantasamaye aghisalilaṃ paritaḥ prasṛtaṃ bāṣpamavalokya dhūmo'yatisandihānaḥ, dahanamapaśyan kāraṇānupalambhādanumānenādhyavasyati | dahano hi prajvalanasvabhāvaḥ sati samupalabhyetaiva, anupalambhāttadabhāvaḥ pratyakṣāvagataḥ | 3 |

vyāpakānupalabdhimudāharati--vyāpakānupalabdhiryatheti | pratiṣedhyasya yo vyāpakastasyānupalabdhirityarthaḥ | iyaṃ cānupalabdhiravagatavṛkṣasāmānyasyānavagataśiṃśupāviśeṣasya śiṃśupābhāvasādhane bhavati liṅgam | yastu avagataśiṃśupāviśeṣaḥ tasya tu dṛśyānupalabdhyaiva tadabhāvaḥ siddhati | 4 |

svabhāvaviruddhopalabdhiryatheti | pratiṣedhyasya yaḥ svabhāvaḥ, tadviruddhopalabdhirityarthaḥ | nanūpalambhaḥ kathamanupalabdheḥ prakārabhedo bhavitumarhati | ucyate | na yasya kasyacidupalambhaḥ, apitu niṣedhyasvabhāvaviruddhasvabhāvasya, nañā cābhāva iva virodho'pigamyate | dṛśyānupalambhaśca paryudāsavṛttyā viviktapradeśopalambhe parvasyati, evaṃ viruddhasvabhāvopalambhi'pi | iyaṃ ca viruddhopalabdhirasannikṛṣṭe śīte, sannikṛṣṭe tu dṛśyānupalabdhireva | vahnirdūrādapi rūpaviśeṣaprakāśād bhavati dṛśyaḥ, sparśastu vyavadhānānna dṛśiyogyaḥ | 5 |

kāryaviruddhopalabdhiryatheti | pratiṣedhyasya yat kāryaṃ tadviruddhasyopalabdhirityarthaḥ | antyadaśāprāptameveti | sarvaṣāṃ kṣaṇikatvana kāraṇasantāneṣu pūrvapūrveṣu na sarvameva kāryotpādanasamaryam, tathā sati pūrvapūryasamaya eva kāryotpādaprasaṅgāt tasmāt pūrvapūrvakṣaṇātmani kāraṇasantāne yadantimakṣaṇātmakaṃ kāryādavyahitapūrvakṣaṇarūpaṃ tadevāpratibaddhasāmarthyamityāśayaḥ | 6 |

kāraṇaviruddhopalabdhiryatheti | niṣedhyasa yat kāraṇaṃ tadviruddhasyopalabdhirityarthaḥ | nāsyetyādinā | asyeti puruṣaviśeṣo dharmī | romaharṣādiviśeṣābhāvaḥ sādhyam, ādiśadbād dantavīṇadikaṃ grāhyam, sannihitadahanaviśeṣatvāditi hetuḥ | sannihito dahanaviśeṣo yasyeti bahuvīhiḥ | viśeṣaśabdaḥ prabhūtaparaḥ, tadgrahaṇādatyalpānāṃ śītāvirodhināṃ dīpādīnāṃ vyāvṛttiḥ | yadā dūrātpaśyati puruṣaṃ vahniṃ ca tatrāyaṃ prayogo bhavati | tadā hi romaharsādi nopalambhayogyam, nāpi śītam, kāraṇaviruddhamātropalambhāt kāryābhāvo'numīyate | sannihite tu puruṣe upalambhayogyasyāpi romaharṣādiviśeṣasyānupalambhād dṛśyānupalabdhyaiva tadabhāvaḥ sidhyet | tathopalambhayogyasya śītasyānupalabdhyā kāraṇānupalabdhyaiva tasya siddhiḥ syāt | 7 |

vyāpakaviruddhopalabdhiryatheti--pratiṣedhyasya yo vyāpakaḥ, tadviruddhasyopalabdhirityarthaḥ | udāharati--nātra tuṣārasparśo dahanāditi | tuṣārasparśo yadā nopalambhayogyo nāpi śītaṃ tatra vahnimātropalambhādbhavatyayaṃ hetuḥ | anyathā tu svabhāvānupalabdhiḥ vyāpakānupalabdhirvā syāt | 8 |

svabhāvaviruddhakāryopalabdhiryatheti | pratiṣedhyasya yaḥ svabhāvaḥ tasya yo viruddhastasya yat kāryaṃ tasyopalabdhirityarthaḥ | udāraharati--nātra tuṣāraspaśā dhūmāditi | dūrāddharmiṇi dhūmamātraṃ paśyatastuṣārasparśābhāvapratipattau bhavati heturayam | svabhāve upalambhayogye'nupalabhyamāne tu svabhāvānupalabdhyaiva pratiṣedhaḥ sidhyet tadviruddhe copalabhyamāne viruddhopalambhādeva pratiṣedhaḥ sidhyet | 9 |

kāryaviruddheti | pratiṣedhyasya yat kāryaṃ tasya yo viruddhastasya yat kāryaṃ tasyopalabdhirityarthaḥ | udāharati--neheti | śītakāraṇānāṃ tatkāryasya śītasya tadviruddhasya vahneśca yadā nopalambhayogyatā tadā'yaṃ hetuḥ | anyathā tu svabhāve upalambhayogye'nupalabhyamāne svabhāvānupalabdhyaiva pratiṣedhaḥ sidhyet | kārye upalambhayogye'nupalabhyamāne kāryānupalambhādeva tatpratiṣedhaḥ sidhyet | kāryaviruddhe tūpalabhyamāne kāryaviruddhopalambhādeva pratiṣedhaḥ sidhyet | 10 |

kāraṇaviruddhakāryopalabdhiryatheti | pratiṣedhyasya yat kāraṇaṃ tasya yo viruddhaḥ, tasya yat kāryaṃ tasyopalabdherityarthaḥ udāharati--na romaharṣādīti | pratiṣedhye romaharṣādau tatkāraṇe kāraṇaviruddhe copalambhāyogye bhavatyayaṃ hetuḥ | anyathā tu--svabhāve, kāraṇe vā upalambhayogye'nupalabhyamāne svabhāvānupalabdhyā kāraṇānupalabdhyā vā kāraṇaviruddhe upalabhyamāne kāraṇaviruddhopalambhena vā pratiṣedhaḥ sidhyet | 11 |

vyāpakaviruddhakāryopalabdhiriti | pratiṣedhyasya yad vyāpakaṃ tasya yadviruddhaṃ tasya yatkāryaṃ tadupalabdhirityarthaḥ | udāharati--nātreti | dūrādeva dhūmamātraṃ paśyatastena bhavati nātra tuṣārasparśa iti tatpratiṣedhānumānam | tuṣārasparśaṃ tadvyāpake śīte vopalambhayogye'nupalabhyamāne tadviruddhe vahnau vopalabhyamāne svabhāvānupalabdhirvyāpakānupalabdhiḥ vyāpakaviruddhopalabdhirvā syāt | 12 |

svabhāvaviruddhavyāptopalabdhiryatheti | pratiṣedhyasya yaḥ svabhāvaḥ tasya yo viruddhastasya yadyāptaṃ tasyopalabdhirityarthaḥ | udāharati--nātreti | tuṣārasparśamātramanubhūyamānaṃ vahnipratiṣedhe liṅgam | anyathā svabhāve upalambhayogye'nupalabhyamāne svabhāvānupalabdhiḥ syāt | upalabhyamāne tu śīte svabhāvaviruddhopalabdhiḥ syāt | 13 |

kāryaviruddhavyāptopalabdhiriti | pratiṣedhyasya yat kāryaṃ tasya yadviruddhaṃ tasya yadvyāptaṃ tasyopalabdhirityarthaḥ | udāharati--neheti | vahnikāraṇe upalambhayogye'nupalabhyamāne tu svabhāvānupalabdhiḥ syāt | kārye vahnāvupalambhayogye'nupalabhyamāne tu kāryānupalabdhiḥ syāt tadviruddhe śīte upalabhyamāne kāryaviruddhopalabdhireva liṅga syāt, śītavyāpyaṃ tuṣāramātramanubhūyate iti kāryaviruddhavyāptopalabdhiliṅgam | 14 |

kāraṇaviruddhavyāptopalabdhiriti | pratiṣedhyasya yat kāraṇaṃ tasya yat viruddhaṃ tasya yadvyāpyaṃ tadupalabdhirityarthaḥ | udāharati--nātra dhūma iti | dhūmasvabhāve upalambhayoghe'nupalabhyamāne svabhāvānupalabdhiḥ, kāraṇe yogye'nupalabhyamāne kāraṇānupalabdhiḥ syāt | kāraṇaviruddhe tūpalabhyamāne kāraṇaviruddhopalabdhiḥ syāt | iha tu kāraṇaviruddhavyāptatuṣāramātramanubhūyata iti tena dhūmapratiṣedhāt kāraṇaviruddhavyāptopalabdherbhavati kāryapratiṣedhaḥ | 15 |

vyāpakaviruddhavyāptopalabdhiryatheti | pratiṣedhyasya yabdyāpakaṃ tasya yadviruddhaṃ tasya yadavyāptaṃ tasyopalabdhirityarthaḥ | udāharati--nāyaṃ nitya iti | yadi vyāpakaviruddhamupalabhyeta vyāpakaviruddhopalambhādeva pratiṣedhaḥ sidhyet | iha tu tadviruddhavyāptopalambhāt vyāpakapratiṣedha iti viśeṣaḥ | 16 |

eteceti vyākhyātaprāyam | svabhāvānupalabdheranyeṣāṃ viśeṣamāha--atretyādinā | idamapi vyākhyātaprāyam |

iti svārthānumānaparicchedaḥ


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tṛtīyaḥ parārthānumānaparicchedaḥ |

parārthānumānaṃ nirūpayati--trirūpeti | trirūpaliṅgākhyānamiti padaṃ vyācaṣṭeanvayeti | anvayaḥ sapakṣe sattvam | vyatireko vipakṣe'sattvam | ākhyāyate'nenevyākhyānamiti karaṇe vyutpattimabhipretya vyācaṣṭe--yena vacaneneti | upacārāditi | kāraṇe kāryopacārādityarthaḥ | śabdād bhavati trirūpaliṅgapratipattiḥ; tena ca bhavatyanumānam | ataḥ paramparayā bhavati vākyamanumāne kāraṇam | nanu upacārādanyadapi yatkiñcit parārthānumānamastu, vicāryatāṃ ca tadapi | maivam | anumāne yannimittaṃ tadeva tu vicāryaṃ, tacca trirūpaṃ liṅgaṃ, tasya svarūpaṃ svārthānumāne vicāritaṃ, iha tu tadbodhakaṃ vākyaṃ vicāryate, ato na yasya kasyāpīha vicārāvasaraḥ | tasya dvaividhyamāha--tad dvividhamityādinā | sādhyadarmī pakṣaḥ | dṛṣṭāntadharmī mahānasaḥ, tayorhetumattayā sādharmyaṃ, yo dhūmavān so'gnimān yathā mahānasaḥ, dhūmavāṃścāyamityanena sādhanavākyena gamyate, tadidaṃ sādharmyavat sādhanavākyam | hetvasattākṛtaṃ vaidharmyaṃ--yo niragniḥ sa nirdhūmaḥ, dhūmavāṃścāyamityanena gamyate, tadidaṃ vaidharmyavat sādhanavākyam.

tatra sādharmyavantaṃ prayogamudāharati--tatretyādinā | sādharmyavantaṃ prayogaṃ pradarśayitimiti | iyaṃ vākyaśailī prāmādikīti pratibhāti | na hi bhagavān prayogabhedanirūpaṇāya pravṛttaḥ, api tu sarvasya kṣaṇikatāṃ samarthayituṃ, idaṃ ca svabhāvahetoḥ sādharmyavataḥ prayogasyodāharaṇaṃ bhavitumarhati, nāpi sautrāntikamatamāśritya bhagavatedamuktam | sautrāntika-prabhedo hi bhagavataḥ samanantarakālabhāvī | sautrāntikaṃ matamāśrityetyanena bodhyaṃ tvetāvat sarvāstitvavādāśrayaṇeneti | jñānamātrāstitve tu sarvamiti nirdeśo nātīva svarasaḥ | yadvā--sādharmyavantaṃ prayogaṃ pradarśayituṃ sautrāntikamatamāśritya vyutpādyate ityanvayaḥ | kiṃ vyutpādyate, tatrāha--bhagavatā yaduktamityādi | yat saṃskṛtaṃ tat kṣaṇikaṃ, saṃskṛtaṃ cedaṃ sarvamiti tu bhavadvacanāśayaḥ | tadetad bhagavadvacanaṃ vyākhyātumārabhate--tad vyutpādyate iti | samityupasargeṇa vivakṣitamarthamāha--saṃbhūya hetubhiriti | hetavo yāvanna samavayanti, tāvanna kāryaniṣpattiḥ, samavetaistu taitanniṣpattiḥ | ta ete samavetā hetavaḥ pratyayā ucyanta ityabhipretyāha--pretyayairiti | hetuṃ hetuṃ prati ayante hetvantarāṇīti teṣāmayamānānāṃ yo bhāvaḥ sa pratyaya ucyate | samavetā hetava iti yāvat | saṃskṛtasyaiṣa svabhāvaḥ kṣaṇikatā, yathā śīśupāyāḥ svabhāvo vṛkṣatā | ataścāyaṃ svabhāvahetuḥ | svabhāvahetorasya kṣaṇaprabhāyāṃ sādharmyaṃ bodhyam | tatrāpi kṣaṇikatvaṃ neti pareṣāṃ vādastu pratyakṣopahataḥ | saugataṃmanyāḥ vātsīputrīyāḥ punaḥ buddhiśabdādīnāṃ kṣaṇikatvaṃ ghaṭādīnāmakṣaṇikatvaṃ cābhyupagacchanti | tān pratyeṣa prayogaḥ -- buddhiśabdādaya iva sarvameva kṣaṇikam saṃskṛtatvāditi | kṣaṇikamityetad vyācaṣṭe--utpattikṣāṇa eveti utpattikṣaṇamātrasthāyitā kṣaṇikatvamiti yāvat |

nanu kathaṃ kṣaṇikatvaṃ ghaṭādīnāṃ tiṣṭhanti khalu te samutpannā utpattyanantaramapīti-śaṅkāṃ nirasyannāha--sarvaṃ tāvadityādinā | ayamāśayaḥ--svahetubhirutpadyamāno'yaṃ ghaṭādirvinaśvarasvabhāva utpādyate kimavinaśvarasvabhāvaḥ, avinaśvarasvabhāvaścenna mudgarādyabhidhāte'pi tasya nāśo bhavet | atha vinaśvarasvabhāva eva cedutpādyate, utpattyanantaraṃ tena vinaśyatā bhāvyamiti | nanu nāvinaśvarasvabhāvā na vā vinaśvarasvabhāvā utpadyante kintu kiyantaṃ kālaṃ sthitisvabhāvā utpādyante ityāśaṅkāmanūdya nirasyati--athedṛśa eva svabhāva iti | mudgarādisannidhānakāle'pyeṣa eva svabhāva iti | ayamāśayaḥ-- kiyantaṃ kālaṃ sthitveti yā kila maryādā kalpyate seyamaniyateti punarapi tāvantaṃ kālaṃ kuto'yaṃ na tiṣṭhet svabhāvāniyateranavasthiteriti | kṣaṇadvayasthāyitvavādino'pyeṣaivānavasthetyāśayenāha--tasmāditi |

utpādakasāmagrī sthirasvabhāvamevotpādayati, nāśakasāmagrī tu tato'pi prabalā vināśayatītyabhiprāyeṇāśaṅkate--syādetadityādinā ṃirasyati--tadasadityādinā | ayamāśayaḥ -- sthirasvabhāvameva vastu naśyatītyanupapannam | na hyekasvabhāvaṃ vastu tadviruddha-svabhāvatāṃ prāpnuyāt | tasmādutpādakādvināśakasya prābalyamityeṣā kalpanā nopapadyeteti |

nanu--ko'yaṃ vikalpaḥ, kiṃ sthirasvabhāva utpadyate utāsthirasvabhāva iti | kāryaṃ kāraṇasāpekṣaṃ, ghaṭādikāryaṃ yathā svotpattau kāraṇasāpekṣaṃ, tathā nāśākhyaṃ kāryaṃ svotpattau kāraṇasāpekṣam | tasmāt nāśakasamavadhāne nāśo jāyate nocenneti kathaṃ kṣaṇabhaṅgaprasādhanamiticet | ucyate | satyaṃ kāryaṃ kāraṇasāpekṣamiti | kāryakāraṇabhāvastu bhāvayoreva, na ca vināśo nāma kimapi vastu | avastuno'bhāvasya kā nāma kāraṇāpekṣā | utpādakādbhavati vastuna utpattiḥ, utpannaṃ sapadi svayameva nivartate | uktaṃ ca śāntarakṣitena --

"tatra ye kṛtakā bhāvāste sarvaṃ kṣaṇabhaṅginaḥ |
vināśaṃ prati sarveṣamanapekṣatayā sthiteḥ ||
yadbhāvaṃ prati yannaiva hetvantaramapekṣate |
tattatra niyataṃ jñeyaṃ svahetubhyastathodayāt ||
nirnibandhā hi sāmagrī svakāryotpādane yathā |
vināśaṃ prati sarve'pi nirapekṣāśca janminaḥ ||"
(tattvasaṃ. 132)

āha ca kamalaśīlaḥ--'bhāvasya hi karaṇaṃ bhavati, nābhāvasya, nimittīkartavya-sakalasvabhāvavirahalakṣaṇatvānna kiñcidutpādyaṃ rūpamasti | ato bhāvābhāvātmakaḥ-- bhāvaniṣedhātmako nāśo na kenacit kriyate avastutvāt kharaviṣāṇavat ' iti |
(tattvasaṃ. pa. 136)

mudgarādisaṃnidhāne tu kapālādivisatīyasantānārambhaḥ, ataśca sthūlo nirodha ucyate |

vinaśvarasvabhāvasya kṣaṇikatāṃ prayogeṇa sādhayannāha--prayogaḥ punaraḥ kartavya iti | yathā'ntyakṣaṇavartīti | kapālādivisajātīyasantānotpādakamudgarādisaṃnidhikṣāṇo'ntyakṣaṇa ucyate |

bhāvānāṃ kṣaṇikatve pratyabhijñāvirodhamāśaṅkate--yadīti | pariharati--nirantarasadṛśetyādinā | nirantaretyutpādaviśeṣaṇam | sādṛśyaṃ ca pūrvapūrvapekṣayā | utpāde nairantaryaṃ apareṣu pūrvasādṛśyaṃ ca viśadayannāha--pūrvakṣāṇavināśakālaeva tatsadṛśaṃ kṣaṇāntaramudayata iti | ghaṭātmako yaḥ pūrvakṣāṇaḥ tadvināśakāla eva tatsadṛśaṃ ghaṭātmakaṃ kṣāṇāntaramudayata ityarthaḥ | vināśakāla evetyavadhāraṇāt pūrvāparayoravyavadhānaṃ gamyate | abhāvenāvyavadhānāditi | pūrvaghaṭakṣaṇavināśāparaghaṭakṣāṇayormadhye ghaṭakṣaṇaśūnyaḥ samayaviśeṣo nāstīti bhāvaḥ | yadi syāttadā bhedagrahaḥ pūrvāparayorjātu gṛhyetāpi, vyavadhānābhāvādabhedabhramasyāvasara iti | sādṛśyaṃ nairantaryaṃ cābhedādhyavasāye kāraṇamiti bhāvaḥ | tadetannirūpayati--tenākāravilakṣaṇatvābhāvādabhāvenāvyavadhānācceti abhāvena vyavadhānābhāvādityarthaḥ | pratyaya iti | bhramātmakaḥ pratyaya ityarthaḥ | abhedabhrame nidarśanaṃ pradarśayati--atyantabhinneṣvapīti | vyaktabhedeṣvapīti yāvat | ihāpīti | avyaktabhede iha tu kiṃpunarnyāya-siddho'bhedabhrama iti bhāvaḥ |

nirveśeṣaṇasya svabhāvahetorayaṃ prayoga iti | saṃskṛtatvaṃ hi bhāvānāṃ svabhāva eva, nirveśeṣaṇatā cāsya saviśeṣaṇasvabhāvahetuvivecanāvasare vyaktībhaviṣyati | sphuṭapratipattaye prayogāntaraṃ pradarśayati -- tathā'paro'pīti | yatsaditi | sattā hi sarveṣāṃ svabhāvaḥ | nanu--'yatsattatkṣāṇikaṃ' iti vyāptirna sidhyati, ātmākāśādayo hi nityā bhāvāḥ santīti parapakṣavāsanāmūlakāṃ śaṅkāṃ pariharan sarvaśabdena kroḍīkṛtaṃ viśadayati--pramāṇapratītāḥ padārthā iti | ātmādiṣu pramāṇaṃ nāstīti te śasaśṛṅgāyanta iti bhāvaḥ |

saviśeṣaṇaprayogo yatheti | saviśeṣaṇasya svabhāvahetoḥ prayoga ityarthaḥ | saviśeṣaṇatāmupapādayati--anutpannebhya ityādinā |

ayamāśayaḥ--yathā agovyāvṛtto gaurityucyate, anīlavyāvṛtto nīla ucyate evamanutpannebhyo vyāvṛttamātramutpannamityucyate | utpattiriyamutpattimāṃścāyamiti na dharmadharmibhedaḥ | vyāvṛttiśca vyāvṛttasya svabhāva eva, vyāvṛttānnātiricyate | saiva vyāvṛttiḥ kalpitaṃ dharmabhedamāśritya nīlasyotpattiriti anīlavyāvṛttyātmano vyavacchedena vyatiriktevocyate | tatheha śabdasyotpattiriti | tamimaṃ kalpitaṃ viśeṣyaviśeṣaṇabhedamāśritya utpattimattvāditi heturayaṃ prayukta iti saviśeṣaṇasvabhāvaheturayaṃ bhavatīti |

śaṅkate--nanviti | sarveeva śabdāṃ apohamukhenaiva pravartante | tat sanniti śabdo'pi asadvyāvṛtte'sadvyāvṛttyā pravartate tat satvāditi yaḥ svabhāvahetuḥ prāk pradarśitaḥ so'pyutpattimattvamiva saviśeṣaṇaheturbhavitumarhatīti bhāvaḥ |

pariharati--naitadastīti | sata eveti | pūrvasmin 'yatsattadanityaṃ santaścāmī bhāvā' ityasmin prayoge sadityeva dharmī nirdiśyate | sattvaṃ cāsya svabhāvaḥ, nātra sattvenāsattvavyāvṛttirūpeṇa kalpitena dharmabhedena kimapi viśeṣyate, yena saviśeṣaṇatāyāḥ prasaṅgaḥ | iha tu yadutpattimattadanityaṃ, utpattimāṃśca śabda ityatra yadutpattimadityutpattyā viśeṣato dharmī nirdiśyate anutpattivyāvṛttilakṣaṇayotpattyā viśeṣitastato vyatirikta iva dharmī nirdiśyate | utpattimāṃśca śabda iti śabdasya dharmiṇo dharma iva samāropitabhedā utpattirnirdiśyate | tadayaṃ prayogaḥ saviśeṣaṇasvabhāvahetuko bhavitumarhati, yadi yadutpannaṃ tadanityaṃ, utpannāścāmī bhāvā iti syātprayogaḥ, tadā syādavaiṣamyamiti |

saviśeṣaṇahetuprayoge prakārāntaramāha--bhinnaviśeṣaṇasyeti | bhinnatvaṃ ca svabhāvānantargatatā | kṛtakaśabdārthamajānan śaṅkate--nanu citraguritīti | devadattāddharmiṇo bahirbhūtāścitrā gāvo viśeṣaṇatayā viśeṣaṇatayā vivakṣitā iti bhinnaviśeṣaṇatā tatra vyaktaṃ gamyate, kṛtakamiti nirdeśastu kāryamiti nirdeśādaviśiṣṭaḥ kāryasvabhāvaṃ kāryatāmeva gamayatīti kathaṃ bhinnaviśeṣaṇateti bhāvaḥ | pariharati--apekṣitetyādinā | na kāryaśabdavat paryāyaḥ kṛtakaśabdaḥ, kintu paravyāpārasāpekṣasvaniṣpattikatvalakṣaṇaṃ svabhāvaviśeṣaṃ bodhayati | itthaṃ ca citraguśabdavat dharmisvarūpānantargataparavyāpārasāpekṣatvasya viśeṣaṇasyāvabodhanāt bhinnaviśeṣaṇasvabhāvahetorayaṃ prayogo bhavitumarhatīti bhāvaḥ | āha ca dharmakīrtirnyāyabindau--'yatkṛtakaṃ tadanityamityupādhibhedena | apekṣitaparavyāpāro hi bhāvaḥ kṛtaka' iti (nyā. bi. pa. 109) | vyākhyātaṃ caitat dharmottarācāryeṇa--'upādhibhedena svabhāvasya prayoga iti saṃbandhaḥ upādhirviśeṣaṇaṃ, tasya bhedena bhinnopādhinā viśiṣṭaḥ svabhāvahetuḥ prayukta ityarthaḥ | iha kadācicchuddha evārtha ucyate, kadācidavyatiriktena viśeṣaṇena viśiṣṭaḥ, kadācidvyatiriktena | devadatta iti śuddhaḥ, lambakarṇa ityabhinnakarṇadvayaviśiṣṭaḥ, citraguriti vyatiriktacitragavīviśiṣṭaḥ | tadvatsattvaṃ śuddhaṃ, utpattimattvamavyatiriktaviśeṣaṇaṃ, kṛtakatvaṃ vyatiriktaviśeṣaṇam x x x x x yasmādapekṣitaparavyāpāraḥ kṛtaka ucyate tasmād vyatiriktena viśeṣaṇena viśiṣṭaḥ svabhāvaḥ ucyate | yadyapi vyatiriktaṃ viśeṣaṇapadaṃ na prayuktaṃ, tathā'pi kṛtakaśabdenaiva vyatiriktaṃ viśeṣaṇamantarbhāvitam | ataeva saṃjñāprakāro'yaṃ kṛtakaśabdaḥ, yasmātsaṃjñāyāmayaṃ kanpratyayo vihitaḥ |' iti ( nyā. bi. ṭī. pa. 30)

athāparaṃ prakāramāha svabhāvahetoḥ--prayuktaviśeṣaṇasyeti | bhinnapadopāttaviśeṣaṇasyeti yāvat | viśeṣyopasthāpakena kṛtakapadenaiva viśeṣaṇamapyupasthāpyate | iha tu padāntareṇa pratyayabhedetyanena |

tadidaṃ prayuktaviśeṣaṇatvamupapādayati--pratyayabhedaśabdasyatyādinā | svabhāvahetupradarśanaṃ ceti | saviśeṣaṇasvabhāvahetūnāṃ trayāṇāṃ pradarśanaṃ cetyarthaḥ | svabhāvahetuprapañcapradarśanaṃ ceti vā'rthaḥ | vyāmohanivṛttaya iti | mandasya nāyaṃ svabhāva iti vyāmohaḥ syāt, tannivṛttaye ityarthaḥ | vyāmohe kāraṇamanuvadaṃstannivṛttiprakāramāha--dharmabhedakalpanayā'pi svabhāvahetureva prasajyata iti | āha ca dharmottarācāryaḥ--' tadevaṃ trividhaḥ svabhāvahetuprayogo darśitaḥ, śuddho'vyatiriktaviśeṣaṇo vyatiriktaviśeṣaṇaśceti | evamarthaṃ caitadākhyātam | mābhūdvācakabhedātkvacitsvabhāvahetāvapi prayukte vyāmoha iti ' iti (nyā. bi. ṭī. 31)

atha svabhāvahetorvaidharmyavantaṃ prayogamudāharati--svabhāvahetorityādināṃ | yadyadā'nantarānavasthāyi na bhavati na tadvinaśvarasvarūpamiti | yadvinaśvarasvarūpaṃ tadanantarānavasthāyi, yathā'ntyakṣaṇavṛttighaṭa iti svabhāvahetoḥ sādharmyavānayaṃ prayogaḥ, tasyāsya vaidharmyavānayaṃ prayogaḥ--'yadyadā'ntarānavasthāyi na bhavatīti | yathā''kāśamiti | idaṃ ca nidarśanaṃ sarvāstitvavādibhiḥ saugataikadeśibhiḥ saṃskṛtāsaṃskṛtabhedena saṃgṛhya dvedhā vibhakte āryasatye'saṃskṛtakoṭau ākāśapratisaṃkhyānirodhāpratisaṃkhyānirodhānāṃ trayāṇāṃ gaṇanāt bodhyam | ākāśānabhyupagamapakṣe tu śaśaśṛṅgādinidarśanatulyaṃ bodhyam | vyatirekaprayoge iti | vyatirekavyāptiprayoga ityarthaḥ | sādhyābhāvaḥ--anvayena siṣādhayiṣitaṃ yatsādhyaṃ, tasyābhāvaḥ, sādhanābhāvena--anvayena siṣādhayiṣitaṃ yat sādhanaṃ tasyābhāvena, vyāptatvāt vyāptiviśiṣṭatvāt | anvaye sādhyavyāpyaṃ bhavati sādhanaṃ, vyatireke sādhanābhāvavyāpyo bhavati sādhyābhāvaḥ | tathātvāt sa sādhyābhāvaḥ sādhanābhāve niyataḥ sādhanābhāvavato'nyatra netyetat | yathā svakarmaṇyeva niyata ityukte svakarmaṇo'nyatrānanvayo gamyate tathā tena sādhanābhāve sādhyābhāvavyāpakatā labhyate | tathā ca vyāpakanivṛttyā vyāpyanivṛttiḥ sidhyatīti bodhyam |

anantarānavasthāyitvābhāvasya yadvyāpakamavinaśvarasvarūpatvaṃ tadrūpādibhyo nivartamānamanantarānavasthāyitvābhāvaṃ tebhyo nivartayat teṣāmantantarānavasthāyitāṃ sādhayati--tadetatpratipāditaṃ vinaśvararūpaṃ ca rūpādikamudayakāla iti |

yatra kṣaṇikatvaṃ nāstīti | sattvena kṣaṇikatve sādhye vaidharmyaprayogo'yaṃ | ayaṃ ca śuddhasya svabhāvahetorvaidharmyaprayogaḥ | utpattimattvenānityatve sādhye vaidharmyaprayogaṃ pradarśayati--yatrānityatvaṃ nivṛttaṃ tatrotpattimattvamapīti | nivṛttamityanena saṃbandhaḥ | ayaṃ cāvyatiriktaviśeṣaṇasya svabhāvahetorvaidharmyaprayogaḥ | kṛtakatvenānityatve sādhye vaidharmyaprayogaṃ pradarśayati -- yatrānityatvaṃ nivṛttaṃ tatra kṛtakatvamapīti | nāstīti pūrveṇa sambandhaḥ | athaṃ ca vyatiriktaviśeṣaṇasya svabhāvahetorvaidharmyaprayogaḥ | padāntaropasthāpitavyatiriktaviśeṣaṇasya svabhāvahetorvaidharmyaṃ darśayati--yatra kṛtakatvaṃ nāsti tatra pratyayabhedabheditvamapīti | nāstīti pūrveṇa saṃbandhaḥ |

atha kāryahetoḥ sādharmyavaidharmyaprayogau pradarśayati--yathatyādinā | pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāmiti | pratyakṣeṇānupalambhena cetyarthaḥ | vahnāvupalabhyamāne niyamena dhūmasyopalambhaḥ pratyakṣamucyate | vahnāvanupalabhyamāne dhūmasyānupalambho'nupalambha ucyate | pratyakṣeṇa kāryakāraṇayoranvayasacāro niścīyate | sati vahnau dhūmo'stīti | anupalabhyamāne vahnau dhūmasyānupalambhena tayorvyatirekasahacāro niścīyate | evaṃ pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṃ yayoranvayavyatirekasahacārāvavadhāryete tayoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvo'vagamyate iti | anavadhārite ca kāryakāraṇabhāve pareṇāpādyamānāprayojakāśaṅkā na nivārayituṃ śakyeteti kāryahetuṃ prayuñjatā prathamaṃ kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāmavadhārya iti bhāvaḥ |

yathā'vayavinirākaraṇayeti | prayujyata iti śeṣaḥ | avayevebhyo'tiriktaḥ kaścidavayavī avayaveṣu samaveta iti vadato nirākaraṇāyānupalabdhihetuḥ prayujyate |

tasyāsya sādharmyavataḥ prayogo'yaṃ--yadyatretyādi | asadvyavahārayogyatvaṃ sādhyaṃ, upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptatve satyanupalabhyamānatvaṃ hetuḥ | tatra yadyatropalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaṃ sannopalabhyate tattatrāsadvyavahārayogyaṃ yathā naraśirasi śṛṅgam, iti vyāptipratipādakaṃ vākyam | nopalabhyate cātropalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaḥ parābhimato'vayavī kapāleṣviti pakṣadharmatāpratipādakaṃ vākyam | nanu--upalabhyate pataḥ | satyam | yo yena prakāreṇa parairabhimato'vayavī sa tathā naivopalabhyate, nahi bhūtale ghaṭa iva bhūtalādatiriktastadādhārakaḥ pratīyate'vayavī avayaveṣu tadādhārakastebhyo'tiriktaḥ | tantava eva tu saṃśleṣaviśeṣamāpannā upalabhyante, paṭa iti saṃjñābhedaḥ kevalam |

upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptatve satyanupalabhyamānatvena hetunā asadvyavahārayogyatve sādhye, yadasadvyavahārayogyaṃ na (sadvyavahārayogyaṃ) tadupalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptatvaviśiṣṭānupalabhyamānatvābhāvavat iti tu vyatirekeṇa vyāptiḥ | tatra viśeṣyavati vartamāno viśiṣṭābhāvo viśeṣaṇābhāvātmakaḥ, viśeṣaṇavati vartamānastu viśeṣyābhāvarūpa iti sadvyavahārayogye upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptatvarūpaviśeṣaṇavati vartamāna uktaviśiṣṭābhāvo'nupalabhyamānatvābhavarūpa evetyabhipretya vyatirekavyāptiṃ pradarśayati--yat sadupalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaṃ tadupalabhyata eveti | yattu sadapi nopalabhyate tadupalabdhiyogyaṃ neti viśeṣaṇābhāve viśiṣṭābhāvo bodhyaḥ | nacaivamiheti | iha--avayave kapāle, pradeśaviśeṣe--bhūtalādau, upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasya--ghaṭasya, nacaivamihopalabdhirityanvayaḥ | tathā ca vyāpakanivṛttyā vyāpyenāpi tato nivṛttena bhāvyamityato'vayavino'vayave'sadvyavahārayogyataiva sidhyatīti bhāvaḥ |

sādhanasya ca sādhye niyatatvakathanamiti | sādhye sādhanavyāpakatvakathanamiti yāvat | sādhyābhāvasya ca sādhanābhāve niyatatvakathanamiti | sādhanābhāve sādhyābhāvavyāpakatvakathanamiti yāvat | vyākhyāto niyataśabdārthaḥ |

ukteṣu prayogeṣu pareṣāmaprayojakaśaṅkāṃ vārayannāha--tataḥ pramāṇena vyāptisiddhāviti | ayamāśayaḥ--pratyakṣapramāṇamūlāṃ vyāptiṃ svīkurvatāmasmākaṃ paraiḥ kriyamāṇāyā aprayojakaśaṅkāyā nāvakāśaḥ | vayaṃ kāryakāraṇabhāvādvā svabhāvādvā siṣādhayiṣitaṃ sādhayāmaḥ | tadubhayamapi pratyakṣamūlakam, kāryakāraṇabhavo hi anvayavyatirekasahacārābhyāṃ pratyakṣagamyābhyāṃ sidhyati | svabhavaśca sādhyasādhanayoḥ pratyakṣagamyaḥ | upalabdhiranupalabdhiśca upalabhyamānānupalabhyamānayoḥ svabhāva eva paryavasyatīti | evaṃ sattvamasattvaṃ ca | śṛṅgasyānyatra sattvaṃ śaśe'sattvaṃ ca śaśaśṛṅgayoḥ svabhāvaviśeṣāveva | pratyakṣagamyamevaitaditi |

prasaṅgāt pareṣāmaprayojakaśaṅkāmudbhāvayannāha--yatretyādinā |

teṣāṃ--naiyāyikānām | ihānyaḥ sarvajño bhavatu mā vā bhūditi | atīndriyārthadarśanasamarthaṃ sarvajñaṃ nityamekamīśvaramapyanabhyupagacchanto mīmāṃsakāḥ sarvajñamātranirāsāya prayatante saugatādyabhimatasarvajñapratiṣedhābhiniveśāt | vayaṃ tu brūmaḥ--iha jagati īśvarādanyaḥ sarvajño bhavatu mā vā bhūt | tatsamarthane tannirasane vā nāsmākamabhiniveśah | kintu bhagavān punarīśvaraḥ sarvajño'sti, yo'sya jagataḥ sraṣṭā | śakyate cāstīti sādhayitumiti |

teṣāmīśvarasādhanaprakāramanuvadati--tathāhītyādinā | nirūpayiṣyamāṇe īśvarasādhake prayoge pakṣasapakṣavipakṣavibhāgaṃ prathamataḥ pradarśayannupakramate--trayaḥ khalviti | sakartṛkatve sādhye niścitakartṛkā ghaṭādayaḥ sapakṣāḥ | ye ca vyomādayo niścitasakartṛkatvavirahāste vipakṣāḥ | ye cānye vanaspatyādayo ye ca mahīmahīdharādayaḥ te sandigdhakartṛkā bhavanti | mahattvasāvayavatvādi sakartṛkatvopasthāpakam, karturanupalambhastadabhāvopasthāpakaḥ, vipratipattervā saṃśayaḥ, atasta ete mahīmahīdharādayaḥ sarve pakṣakoṭāvantarbhavanti | anye ca bhavāḥ sapakṣakoṭau vipakṣakoṭau cāntarbhavanti | na caturthaḥ prakāro bhaveṣu | tadayaṃ prayogo'tra--yat kāryaṃ tat sakartṛkaṃ, yathā ghaṭādi | kṣityādikaṃ ca kāryaṃ, yanna kāryaṃ tanna sakartṛkaṃ yathā vyomādi, kāryaṃ cedaṃ kṣityādīti | buddhimatkartṛkā iti | sādhyaśarīre buddhimattvaniveśena upādānopakaranādyabhijñena kartrā bhāvyamiti niyamo gamyate | tenārthāntarādernāvasaraḥ |

sakartṛkatvasādhakatayopanyastasya kāryatvahetorābhāsatvaśaṅkāṃ nivārayannāha--nāyamityādinā | hetorābhāsatā cāṅgavaikalye, hetoraṅgāni ca trīṇi pakṣe sattvaṃ sapakṣe ca sattvaṃ, vipakṣetvasattvamiti | etattrayasamarthanena cābhāsatāśaṅkā pratikṣiptā bhavati | tasmātkramaśastāni samarthayati | sarveṣāṃ -- mahīmahīdharādīnāṃ | sapakṣe--kumbhādau | nacānaikāntika iti | māstu buddhimatkartṛkatvam astu ca kāryatvamityaprayojakaśaṅkāmūlakeyamanaikāntikatvaśaṅkā, sā parihriyate | pakṣatayā parigṛhīte taru--mahī--mahāruhādau, sādhyaviparyaye--buddhimatkartṛkatvaviparyaye bādhakaṃ pramāṇamasti, bādhakapramāṇopahatatvādviparyayasya nānaikāntikatvaprasaṅgaḥ | kiṃ tadbādhakapramāṇaṃ? tadāha--tathā hītyādinā | kāryaṃ tāvaditi | ghaṭādi kāryaṃ tāvadityarthaḥ | mānasena pratyakṣeṇeti | atra mānaseneti viśeṣaṇaṃ prāmādikam | ātmasukhādāvevāntare manaḥ prabhavati, na bāhye sākṣāt, mano nimittamityetāvatā na bāhyārthapratyakṣaṃ mānasamiti vaktuṃ suśakam | tasmād alaukikaparatayā kathamapi neyam | ghaṭādīnāṃ kāryāṇāṃ kumbhakārādikartṛkatvasya bhūyodarśanāt tatsahakṛtena kāryatvasāmānyalakṣaṇāpratyāsattyā jāyamānena kāryamātrasya sakartṛkatvāvagāhinā'laukikena pratyakṣeṇa sarvatra kārye sakartṛkatvaṃ pratyakṣeṇopalabdhamiti tadāśayaḥ | idameva ca pratyakṣaṃ sādhyaviparyaye bādhakapramāṇamastītyāśayaḥ | tathāhītyādimūlavākyaṃ kāryaṃ tāvat kumbhakārāderupajāyamānaṃ bhūyodṛṣṭamiti bhūyodarśanasahāyena pratyakṣeṇa kāryaṃ sakartṛkamityupalabhyata iti kathamapi śeṣapūraṇena vyākhyeyam |

tasmānnedamiti | yasmāt kāryasya sakartṛkatvaṃ naisargikamiti pratyakṣeṇāvagataṃ tasmānnedaṃ śaṅkanīyaṃ, kāryaṃ ca syāt kartṛnirapekṣamapi syādityarthaḥ |

sarvopasaṃhāreṇeti | sarvavyaktyupasaṃhāreṇetyarthaḥ | nahi katipayavyaktīnāṃ mithaḥ sāhacaryadarśanamātreṇā tatsāmānyayorvyāptiḥ saṃbhavati | nahi katipayaghaṭapaṭavyaktīnāṃ sāhacaryadarśanamātrād bhavati ghaṭapaṭasāmānyayorvyāptiriti bhāvaḥ |

buddhimatkartṛkatvaṃ vikalpya dūṣayati--tatra yadītyādi | ayamāśayaḥ--pratiniyatā hi kāryeṣu tasya tasya sā sā sāmagrī, nahi ghaṭasya yā sāmagrī sā paṭasya, yā paṭasya na sā ghaṭasya | śarīrendriyamanovyāpārasāpekṣeṣu kāryeṣu buddhimatkartṛkateti tu dṛṣṭam, śarīravyāpārasāpekṣāṇi kānicitkāryāṇi yathopalabhyante, tathā tannirapekṣāṇyasaṃkhyātānyupalabhyante, yathā tṛṇatarulatāgulmaprabhṛtīni | tasmāddṛśyaśarīrakabuddhimatkartṛkatvavyabhicaritaṃ tu kāryatvaṃ, yāni ca buddhimatkartṛkāṇyupalabhyante tāni ca dṛśyaśarīrakabuddhimatkartṛkāṇyeva | tṛṇādīnāmapi pakṣīkaraṇāt na vyabhicārāśaṅketi tu na yuktam | nahi vyabhicāranivāraṇāya vyabhicāraviṣayasya pakṣīkaraṇaṃ yujyata iti |

saṃdigdhe hetuvacanāditi | ayamāśayaḥ--siṣādhayiṣitasyānvaye niścite hetorāśrayaṇaṃ vyartham | vyatireke niścite hetorāśrayaṇamayuktam anaikāntikatāpatteḥ | saṃdigdhe tu hetorāśrayo yujyate | iha tu tṛṇādau dṛśyaśarīrasya karturvyatirekaniścayāt tatra tatsādhanāya hetorāśrayo'nupapanna iti |

āśaṅkate--atheti | pariharati--tanneti | durārohe parvate vahnervyatireko durniśceyaḥ | anyatra ca dhūmena niyato vahnirdṛṣṭaḥ, ataḥ saṃdehāt parvate vahneḥ sādhanaṃ yuktam | iha tu sādhyavyatireko dṛśyānupalambhena niścita iti mahadasti vaiṣamyamiti bhāvaḥ |

vikalpāntaramanūdya dūṣayati--athādṛśyeti | adṛśyaśarīreṇa buddhimatā kartrā, buddhimanmātreṇa vā kartrā vyāptiravagamyata ityarthaḥ | adṛśyaśarīrakatvasya sādhyatāvacchedakakoṭāvanupraveśe kulālādidṛśyapuruṣakartṛkatayā prasiddhe ghaṭādāvanaikāntyāśaṅkā syāditi pakṣāntaramāśrayat--buddhimanmātrasya veti | ayamāśayaḥ--buddhimatkartṛkatvameva tu sādhyam | sa ca kartā dṛśyaśarīro vā syādadṛśyaśarīro vā, yatra dṛsyasya saṃbhavaḥ tatrāstu saḥ, yatra na, tatrādṛśyo bhavitumarhatīti | dṛśyānupalambhena vyatirekāsiddheriti | vyatirekasya dṛśyānupalambhenāsiddherityarthaḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ--abhāvo hi dṛśyānupalambhagamyaḥ | sa cānupalambhaḥ pratiyogino dṛśyatāsāpekṣaḥ, na hyadṛśyasya piśācāderabhāvo neha piśāca iti cakṣuṣā garītuṃ śakyate | tathā pratiyogiṣu keṣāṃcidadṛsyasvabhāvatvena na tatsāmānyābhāve dṛśyānupalambhasaṃbhavaḥ | itthaṃ ca tvayā kartṛṣvadṛśyo'pi kartā yadyabhyupagamyeta taddhiṭitakartṛsāmānyābhāvo dṛśyānupalambhābhāvena naivāvadhāryeta | vastuto ghaṭādiṣvapi tvayā kartṛtayā'bhyupagato buddhimān kartā nityaḥ kaścidātmā, so'pyadṛśya eveti yogyānupalambhāsaṃbhavena buddhimataḥ karturabhāvo naivāvadhāryeta | tathā ca buddhimataḥ karturvyatireke saṃśayāt, kāryatvasya tato vyāvṛtterapi saṃdehāt tṛṇādiṣvapi tatsaṃdehasyaiva prasaṅgāt kārye kartṛṣāpekṣatvasaṃsayaḥ syādeveti saṃdighavipakṣavyāvṛttikatvaṃ hetordoṣo bhavedeveti |

idamabhihitaṃ bhavati -- buddhimatkartṛkatve sādhye buddhimatkartṛkatvābhāvavān vipakṣaḥ | ayaṃ buddhimatkartṛko nāyamityavadhāraṇaṃ durghaṭam | adṛśyaviṣayatvena dṛśyānupalambhāsaṃbhavāt |

tathā ca saṃdehena tṛṇādau tadabhāvaḥ sandigdha eveti saṃdigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttikatvaṃ saṃdigdhānaikāntikatve paryavasitaṃ hetordoṣa eveti |

sandigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttikatvaṃ hetudoṣatayā nidarśayatā''cāryadharmakīrtinedamudāhṛtam--'asyaiva rūpasya sandehe'pyanaikāntika eva | yathā'sarvajñaḥ kaścidvivakṣitaḥ puruṣo rāgādimānveti sādhye vaktṛtvādiko dharmaḥ saṃdigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttikaḥ, sarvatraikadeśe vā sarvajño vaktā nopalabhyate ityevaṃprakārasyānupalambhasyādṛśyātmaviṣayatvena saṃdehahetutvā'-diti | (nyā. vi. 112.) |

nanu tṛṇādi pakṣīkṛtaṃ, ghaṭādi tu sapakṣaḥ, atha vyomādi nityameva tu vipakṣaḥ | yadakartṛkaṃ na tadutpattimat yathā vyomādīti nidarśanamupalabhyata evetyatrāha--sādhyābhāvaprayuktasyeti | ayamāśayaḥ--kimanena nidarśanamātreṇa, vyomādau nityatayā'bhimate kāryatvābhāvaḥ kiṃ kartrabhāvaprayukto vā kartṛnirapekṣakāraṇāntarābhāvaprayukto vetyatra niyāmakābhāvāt kāryatvābhāvasya kartrabhāvaprayuktvānavadhāraṇāt vyāpterasiddheriti |

uktadoṣe āptasaṃvādamāha -- tathā ceti | kāryatvasyeti | vipakṣavṛttihataye--anaikāntikatvaprasaṅgaparihārāyeti yāvat | saṃbhāvyate'tīndriyaḥ kartā cet -- buddhimatā hi kartrā śarīrendriyamanoviśiṣṭena bhāvyam | buddheḥ śarīrādisāpekṣatvadarśanāt | śarīriṇyeva vā dṛṣtatvāt | na dṛśyate ca śarīrī kartā tṛṇādau | athātīndriyaśarīro buddhimān kartā tṛṇādau kārye'bhyupagamyate cediti bhāvaḥ | vyatirekasiddhividhurā vyāptiḥ kathaṃ sidhyati, tadā tasminnatīndriye dṛśyānupalabdhyasaṃbhavena tadvyatirekāsiddheḥ | atha vyatirekasiddhyarthaṃ dṛśyaḥ kartā cettṛṇādāvapyāśrīyate tasya tatrānupalambhādanaikāntikataiva hetorityāśayaḥ |

nanvasti svābhāvikaḥ saṃbandhaḥ sakartṛkatvena sahotpattimattvasya, tathā utpattimattvābhāvena saha sakartṛkatvābhāvasya, yad utpattimat tat sakartṛkaṃ yathā ghaṭādi, yadakartṛkaṃ tannotpattimat yathā vyomādīti nidarśanatastallābhāt | vahninā saha dhūpasyāpi svābhāvikaḥ saṃbandhaḥ, sa cāvadhāryate bhūyodarśanena, tādātmyatatadutpattibhyāṃ nāparaḥ saṃbandhaḥ sādhyena hetoriti tu na | tathā ca sādhanābhāvasya sādhyābhāvaprayuktatvāditi kiṃ prayojyaprayojakabhāvavicāreṇetīmāṃ śaṅkāṃ pariharan parābhimataṃ hetoḥ sādhyena saha svābhāvikatvasaṃbandhavādaṃ nirasyati--yattu trilocanenetyādinā |

tadupādheḥ--tasya saṃbandhasyopādherityarthaḥ | dhūmena vahneḥ saṃbandhe ārdrendhanasaṃyoga iva vahninā dhūmasya saṃbandhe na ko'pyupādhirityarthaḥ |

uktaṃ ca vācaspatimiśrarnyāyavartikatātparyaṭīkāyāṃ--' tathāhi dhūmādīnāṃ vahnyādisaṃbandhaḥ svābhāvikaḥ, na tu vahnyādīnāṃ dhūmādibhiḥ, te hi vinā'pi dhūmādibhirupalabhyante, yadā tvārdrendhanādisaṃbandhamanubhavanti tadā dhūmādibhiḥ saha saṃbadhyante | tasmāt vahnyādīnāmardrendhanādyupādhikṛtaḥ saṃbandhaḥ svābhāviko na bhavati | tato na niyataḥ, svābhāvikastu dhūmādīnāṃ vahnyādibhiḥ saṃbandhaḥ, upādheranupalabhyamānatvāt | kvacid vyabhicārasyādarśanāt | anupalabhyamānasyāpi kalpanānupapatteḥ | ato niyataḥ saṃbandho'numānāṅgamiti | (nyā. vā. ṭī. 165)

nirasyati--tanna yuktamiti | svābhāvikasaṃbandhopapādakatayā nirūpitayordvayormadhye prathamaṃ pratikṣipati--yata ityādinā | tasya tena saha saṃbandhe saṃbandhibhyāṃ yadanyadapekṣyate tadupādhiśabdenābhidhīyate ityarthaḥ | kathamadarśanamātreṇa nāstyevetyucyata iti | upādhirnāstyevetyucyata ityarthaḥ | upādhiśaṅkāyā anivāryatayā na svābhāvikasaṃbandhāvadhāraṇaṃ ghaṭeteti bhāvaḥ |

dvitīyaṃ hetuṃ pratikṣipati--yadapyuktamiti | pratyayāntaravakalyeneti | kāraṇāntaravaikalyenetyarthaḥ | nacaivamiti | evaṃ sati prāmāṇikānāmanumānena bhavantī lokayātrā nopapadyeta, sarvatropādhikalpanāyāḥ prasaṅgāditi bhāvaḥ | sādhakabādhakapramāṇābhāve saṃśayasya vihitatvāditi | idaṃ ca vācaspatimiśrairāśaṅkya parihṛtam--' na cādṛśyamāno'pi darśanānarhatayā sādhakabādhakapramāṇābhāvena saṃdihyamāna upādhiḥ svābhāvikatvaṃ pratibadhnātīti sāṃpratam | avaśyaṃ śaṅkayā bhavitavyaṃ niyāmakābhāvāditi dattāvakāśā khalviyaṃ laukikapramāṇamaryādātikrameṇa śaṅkāpiśācī labdhaprasarā na kvacinnāstīti nāyaṃ kvacitpravarteta' iti (nyā. vā. ṭī. 165)

yathā'nyatvāviśeṣepīti | pūrvapūrvakṣaṇānāmuttarottarakṣaṇeṣu hetutve vaktavye pūrvatvasyottaratvasya cāsaṃkhyāteṣu pūrveṣūttareṣu ca sādhāraṇyenātiprasaṅge prasajati deśakāla jātyādinā sādharmasya sarvasya svalakṣaṇatayā anyānyatvaṃ vadatāṃ saugatānāmasaṃbhavādanyatvāviśeṣe'pi kasyacideva kṣaṇasya kasmiṃścideva kṣaṇe hetutvaṃ yathā'bhimataṃ tathā kasyacideva kenacideva svābhāvikaḥ saṃbandha iti mamāpyabhimatamityāśayaḥ |

tanna yuktamiti | pramāṇasiddhaṃ vahnidhūmayorhetumadbhāvameva tayoḥ saṃbandhaṃ vadatāmasmākaṃ pramāṇaśūnyaṃ svābhāvikaṃ saṃbandhaṃ tayoḥ kalpayatāṃ yuṣmākaṃ ca mahadasti vaiṣamyamiti bhāvaḥ |

svābhāvikaśabdārthaṃ vikalpya dūṣayati--svābhāvikaḥ saṃbandha iti ko'rtha iti | bhūyodarśanamātrasya vyāptiniścayādhāyakatvaṃ na yujyata ityāśayenāha--sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa vā dṛṣṭāntamātramastīti na vyāpterapi siddhiriti | yadṛcchāmilitayorapīti | karabhaviśeṣagardabhaviśeṣayoryadṛcchāmilitayorbhūyassu syaleṣu darśanamātreṇa tayorapi vyāptiniścayāpātādityarthaḥ |

nanu tarhi nyāyaprayogasthale nidarśanaprayogasya kvopayogaḥ ? ityatrāha--tasmānnidarśanamiti | gṛhītavismṛtapratibandhagrāhakapramāṇasmaraṇadvāreṇeti | pūrvaṃ gṛhītaḥ, atha vismṛtaḥ, yo vahnidhūmayoḥ pratibandhaḥ hetuhetumadbhāvalakṣaṇaḥ saṃbandhaḥ tadgrāhakaṃ yatpramāṇaṃ anvayasahacāravyatirekasahacāralakṣaṇaṃ tatsmaraṇadvāreṇetyarthaḥ | gṛhītaṃ vismṛtaṃ ca yatpratibandhagrāhakaṃ pramāṇaṃ tatsmaraṇadvāreṇeti vā tadarthaḥ |

na svasannidhimātreṇeti--anvayavyatirekayornidarśanasaṃnidhimātreṇetyarthaḥ | nahi vyomādau sakartṛkatvābhāvotpattimattvābhāvayoḥ sāhacaryadarśanamātreṇeti prakṛte tātparyam |

tadetadupapādayati--tathāhītyādinā |

ākāśe hi yatheti | ayamāśayaḥ--utpattimattvena buddhimatkartṛkatvaṃ sādhayatā tatra vyomādi vyatirekanidarśanatayā pradarśayatā tvayā vyomādīnāmutpattirāhityasya buddhimatkartrabhāvaprayuktatvamupapādanīyam, tannopapadyate | tatra buddhimata iva tato'nyasyācetanasyāpi kāraṇasyābhāvo vartata ea | tathā ca cetanādhiṣṭhitādapi svasvakāraṇād bījādestṛṇādikamudbhavatīti vadatāṃ yo'bhimatastathāvidhakāraṇād bījādestṛṇādikamudbhavatīti vadatāṃ yo'bhimatastathāvidhakāraṇābhāvaḥ tatprayuktatvameva vyomāderanutpattimattve prayojakaṃ kiṃ na syāt | tasmāt buddhimatkartṛkatvābhāvaprayuktatvasyotpattimattvābhāve'siddhyā notpattimattve buddhimatkartṛkatvavyāpyatā siddhyediti |

nāpi ghaṭe kāryatvasya buddhimadanvayadarśanādākāśe'pi buddhimadabhāvādeva kartṛtvābhāvo vaktuṃ yujyata iti | ghaṭe kāryatvasya buddhimadanvayadarśane taṃ vinā tasyotpattirmābhūt | ākāśasyānutpāde kathaṃ tasya prayojakatā ? nahyanyatra dṛṣṭaṃ kāraṇamanyatra na dṛśyata ityetāvatā'nyasyānutpattau tattantraṃ bhavediti bhāvaḥ | nanu dhūmena vahnyādau sādhye vipakṣe dhūmasyādarśanāt dhūmābhāvo vahnyabhāvaprayukto yathā bhavati, tathā vyomni vipakṣe upalabhyamāna utpattyabhāvo buddhimadabhāvaprayuktaḥ kiṃ na syādityāśaṅkyāha--kiṃcādarśanamātreṇeti | vipakṣe hetoradarśanamātreṇa cet tasya vyatirekaḥ sidhyet, saṃbhāvyate nāma sādhanābhāve sādhyābhāvaprayuktatvam | na ca hetoradarśanamātreṇa hetvabhāvaḥ sidhyatīti bhāvaḥ |

tadetadupapādayati--tathāhīti | na copalambhanivṛttimātraṃ prayojakamupalambhābhāve bhavitumarhati | upalambhanivṛttirupalambhakasāmagryabhāvāt | upalabhyanivṛttistu svasāmagryabhāvādeva | upalambhaśca nopalabhyniṣpādakasāmagryantartaḥ, kintu upalambhakasāmagryāṃ upalabhyo'ntarbhavati, cakṣurāderiva viṣayasyāpyupalambhe hetutvāt | tat upalabhyābhāvaprayuktaḥ upalambhābhāvo, natūpalambhābhāvaprayukta upalabhyābhāvaḥ, nahi khalabilāntargatamupalabhyate kenāpi | tasmāt sādhyasādhanayorhatuhetumadbhāve tādātmye vā pratibandhe satyeva sādhyābhāvaprayuktaḥ sādhanābhāvo bhavet | anyatra tu saṃdigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttikatve hetordoṣo'parihārya eveti bhāvaḥ |

yadapi vācaspatirāheti | idaṃ tu vācaspatimiśrāṇāṃ vacanam 'tasmāt prāmāṇikalokayātrāmanupālayatā yathādarśanaṃ śaṅkanīyam | na tvadṛṣṭapūrvamapi | viṣeṣasmṛtyapekṣe hi śaṃśayo nāsmṛte bhavati, na ca smṛtirananubhūtacare bhavitumarhati | tasmādupādhiṃ prayatnato'nviṣyanto'nupalabhamānā nāstītyavagamya svābhāvikatvaṃ saṃbandhasya niścinumaḥ' iti | (nyā. vā. ṭī. 165) tadidamarthano'nūdyate--viśeṣasmṛtyapekṣa evetyādinā | ayamāśayaḥ--nanu sādhyasādhanayostādātmyena tadutpattyā vā saṃbandhena bhāvyam, anyathā iha siṣādhayiṣitaṃ na syādapi, sādhanaṃ tu syāditi sādhyasaṃśayasamudbhavādaprayojakaśaṅkā samavataredeveti cenna | vahnidhūmayoḥ sāhacarye bhūyassvadhikaraṇeṣu bhūyodṛṣṭe dhūmasya vahninā saha saṃbandhe upādhāvanupalabhyamāne parvate dhūmaṃ paśyato na tatra vahneḥ saṃśayaḥ syāt | saṃśayastu sati viśeṣasmaraṇe | vahnivirahitasya dhūmavataḥ kasyaciddeśasya prāganubhūtasya smaraṇe satyeva bhavet | yathā dhūmavahnyośśataśaḥ sahacāradarśane'pi dhūmarahitasya vahnimato'yogolakasya prāganubhūtasya smaraṇāt parvatādau vahnau dṛśyamāne bhavedeva dhūme śaṃśayaḥ | tathā pārthivatva lohalekhyatvayoḥ śataśaḥ sahacāradarśane'pi lohalekhyatvābhāvavataḥ pārthivasya vajramaṇeḥ smaraṇe bhavedeva prārthive'pi kvacillohalekhyatve saṃśayaḥ | tasmāt yathādarśanamevāśaṅkanīyamiti |

tādātmyatadutpattisaṃbandhatyāgeneti | āśaṅkanīyamityuttareṇānveti | tatra prameyatvasya vyabhicāradarśanameveti | ayamāśayaḥ --katipayaprameyeṣu bhūyodṛṣṭavahnisāhacaryaṣvapi dṛṣṭādṛṣṭasādhāraṇatvena prameyatvasya prameye dṛśyamāne'pi bhavati yathā vahnau saṃśayastathā katipayadhūmeṣu dṛṣṭakatipayavahnisāhacaryeṣvapi dhūmatvasya dṛṣṭasāhacaryādṛṣṭasāhacaryasādhāraṇatayā prabandhaviśeṣānabhyupagame dṛṣṭe'pi dhūme bhavedeva vahnau śaṃśayaḥ, evaṃ katipayakāryeṣu dṛṣṭakartrapekṣeṣvapi kāryatvasya dṛṣṭakartrapekṣādṛṣṭakartrapekṣasādhāraṇatayā dṛśyamāne'pyaṅkurādau kārye bhavedeva kartrapekṣāyāṃ saṃśaya iti yathādarśanameva bhavati saṃśayāvasara iti |

niranuyojyānuyogalakṣaṇeti | nigrahasthāneneti śeṣaḥ | saṃdigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttikatve paroktahetoḥ saddūṣaṇe'smābhirāpādite'saddoṣodbhāvanaṃ nāma nigrahasthānamityasmān prati vadan vādī asatyapi nigrahasthāne nigrahasthānamudbhāvayan svavacanena svayameva niranuyojyānuyogalakṣaṇena nigrahasthānena gṛhīto bhavatīti bhāvaḥ | "anigrahe nigrahasthānābhiyogo niranuyojyānuyogaḥ" iti ca niranuyojyānuyogalakṣaṇam | (nyā. sū. a. 5 ā. 2 sū. 23 )

paroktamīśvarānumānaṃ prakārāntareṇa nirasyati--kiñceti | siddhasādhanamiti | asarvajñenaikena buddhimatā bahubhirvā taiḥ saṃbhūya kṛtatve'pi siṣādhayiṣitasaṃpattyā'rthāntaramiti yāvat | dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi pramāṇeneti | ghaṭādau kulālādyasarvajñakartṛkatayā prasiddhe nityasarvajñaikakartṛkatvasya pramāṇāgamyatvena dṛṣṭāntasya sādhyavikalatayā'naikāntyamiti bhāvaḥ |

atha sāmānyena vyāptimādāyeti | sarvajñatvādiviśeṣaṇāviśeṣitabuddhimanmātrakartṛkatvena sāmānyenaiva kāryatvasya vyāptiḥ, siddhyati tu viśeṣaḥ sarvajñaikakartṛkatvam | katham ? kāryatvasya tṛṇalatātarubhūbhūdharādipakṣadharmatābalāt, nahi sarvajñaikakartṛkatvaṃ vinā teṣāṃ kāryatopapadyata iti bhāvaḥ |

nirasyati--tatra yuktamiti | vinā'pi kartuḥ sarvajñatvādiviśeṣaṃ kāryatvasya pakṣadharmatopapadyata eveti kathaṃ pakṣadharmatābalādviśeṣasiddhirityāśayenāha--yenetyādinā | asarvajñatve'pīti | tṛṇādāpi kartā cetkāryatvena siddhyati, tena sarvajñena bhāvyamiti ko'yaṃ niyama iti bhāvaḥ | ekatvasiddhau hīti | tṛṇatarulatābhūbhūdharādīnāṃ sarveṣāmeva kartācedekaḥ syāt tadā tena sarvajñena bhāvyam, na caiṣa niyamaḥ, tattadupādānādyabhijñaistaistairbahubhiḥ saṃbhūya sarvamidaṃ kṛtamityapi vaktuṃ śakyeta hīti bhāvaḥ | anekakartṛkaṃ kāryaṃ nidarśayati--yathā'nekakīṭikāśateti |

nityaikasarvajñe buddhimati sādhya iti | nityaikasarvajñakartṛkatve sādhye ityarthaḥ | nityatā cātra janmamaraṇarāhityalakṣaṇā | viruddhatāmupapādayati -- anityānekāsarvajñena buddhimatā kāryasvasya vyāptatvāditi | yatra kāryatvaṃ tatra nityaikasarvajñakartṛkatvābhāvaḥ | yathā ghaṭādi | ghaṭādīnāṃ keṣāṃcidekakartṛkatve'pi nityaikasarvajñakartṛkatvaṃ nātsyeva | kulālāderasarvajñatvāt janmamaraṇaśālitvācca | rathagopurādīnaṃ tu kartāro bahavaḥ, asarvajñā anityāśca | ato heturviruddha ityarthaḥ |

upakrāntamupasaṃharati--tasmāt sādhyasādhanayorvyāptirdṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi pramāṇenāvaśyaṃ darśayitavyeti sthitamiti | na kevalaṃ bhūyodarśanamātreṇa vyāptiḥ siddhyati, pramāṇena tu sā dṛṣṭānte pradarśayitavyā | sādhyena saha hetoḥ pratibandhaḥ pramāṇasiddhaḥ kaścidapekṣyate sa ca tādātmyaṃ tadurpattirvā | svābhāvikaḥ saṃbandha iti tu na pramāṇasiddham | ataḥ kāryatvena karturanumānaṃ nopapadyata iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu prayogabhedāt sādharmyavadvaidharmyavacceti parārthānumānasya dvaividhyamucyate | sāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ tu trirūpaliṅgākhyānaṃ parārthānumānamiti | tatra sādharmyavatā tvanvayamātramavagamyate | vaidharmyavatā tu vyatirekamātramavagamyate | ato naikatra trirūpapratipattiḥ, ato lakṣaṇamidamasaṃbhavītyāśaṅkate--nanvityādinā | pariharati--naiṣa doṣa ityādinā |

anvayaścecchabdena gamyate tatra vyatireko'rthādgamyate | vyatirekaścecchadbato gamyeta tatrānvayo'thato gamyeta | tasmādubhayamapi trirūpākhyāyakaṃ bhavatītyāha--yasmātsādharmyavatītyādinā | ārthikatāmupapādayati--vyatirekāgṛhītāviti | sāmarthyamiti | tadidaṃ sāmarthyamityarthaḥ | uktaṃ ca dharmakīrtinā--"sādharmyeṇāpi hi prayoge'rthāt vaidharmyagatiḥ, asati tasmin sādhyena hetoranvayābhāvāt, tathā vaidharmyeṇāpyanvayagatiḥ asati tasmin sādhyābhāve hetvabhāvasyāsiddheḥ" iti | (nyā. bi. 109)

vyākhyātaṃ caitaddharmottarācāryeṇa--'nanu ca sādharmyavati vyatireko noktaḥ | vaidharmyavati cānvayaḥ, tatkathametattrirūpaliṅgākhyānam' ityādinā (nyā. bi. ṭī. 55)

sādhyadharmiṇyeveti | pakṣaikadeśa evetyarthaḥ | antarvyāptipakṣa iti | vyāptigrahaṇāya pakṣādanyasyānāśrayaṇādantarvyāptipakṣo'yamityarthaḥ | pakṣaikadeśa eva vyāptigrahaṇaṃ parairapīṣyate | teṣāṃ bahirvyāptipakṣo'bhimata iti vyāptigrahaṇāya pakṣādanyasyāśrayaṇād bahirvyāptipakṣa ityarthaḥ | vyomādikaṃ vimataṃ na sthiraṃ, kintu kṣaṇikaṃ sattveneṣyamāṇatvāt, yat sattat kṣaṇikaṃ yathā ghaṭa iti bhavati sādharmyadṛṣṭāntaprayoga iti bhāvaḥ | vyāptigrāhakaṃ pramāṇaṃ kiṃ? āha--prasaṅgaprasaṅgaviparyayābhyāmiti | anupadamevopapādayiṣyati svayam |

tatra śiṃśapātvasya vṛkṣavyavahārayogyatve sādhye dṛṣṭānte pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṃ vyāptirgrahītavyeti | sādharmyadṛṣṭānte pratyakṣeṇānvayāvagamāt vaidharmyadṛṣṭānte'nupalambhena vyatirekāvagamācca pratyakṣeṇānupalbhena ca vyāptyavagama ityarthaḥ | yadvṛkṣavyavahārayogyatvaṃ yacca śiṃśupātvaṃ tadubhayamapi vṛkṣasya svabhāvaviśeṣa iti śiṃśupāntareṣu sādharmyadṛṣṭānteṣu pratyakṣeṇa tayoranvayāvadhāranāt | vaidharmyadṛṣṭānteṣu vṛkṣādanyeṣu tayorvyatirekasyānupalanbhenāvadhāraṇāt pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṃ vyāptyavadhāraṇamiti bhāvaḥ |

sattvakṣaṇikatvayoriti | prasaṅgaprasaṅgaviparyayāvuttaratra 'yaduktaṃ prāgi'tyādinā nidarśanopanyāsamukhenopapādayiṣyati | ayamāśayaḥ -- prasaṅgaḥ --prasañjanaṃ, yadi kṣāṇikatā na syāt tarhi sattvaṃ na syāt | sattvaṃ hyarthakriyākāritvaṃ, sthiratvenābhimatasya tannopapadyate iti | sthiratvenābhimatasya tadanupapattiścānyato bodhyā | ghaṭādiṣu ca bhāveṣu arthakriyāsamartheṣu kṣaṇikatvameveti prasaṅgaviparyayo dṛṣṭaḥ | tadidaṃ parābhimatavyomādinityabhāvanirākaraṇaprakaraṇe śāntarakṣitainoktam--

'kṣaṇikatvaviyoge tu na sattaiṣāṃ prasajyate |
krameṇa yugapaccāpi yasmādarthakriyākṛtaḥ ||
na bhavanti sthirā bhāvā nissattvāste tato matāḥ |'
iti (tattvasaṃ. 143)

vyākhyātaṃ ca kamalaśīlena--'kathaṃ punasya hetorvyāptiḥ siddhetyāha--kṣaṇikatvaviyogetvidyādi | ' iti (tatvasaṃ. pañci. 143) sthiratayā'bhimateṣu bhāveṣvarthakriyāsāmarthyaṃ nopapadyata ityetat 'tathāhī'tyādinā'sā ca sthireṣu bhāveṣu na ghaṭete'tyantena granthena vistaraśa upapāditam (tattvasaṃ. pañci. 144)

sādhyaviparyayabādhakapramāṇena veti | sarveṣāmeva ghaṭādīnāṃ bhāvānāṃ sattvena kṣaṇikatve sādhye sādhyaviparyaye sthiratve yad bādhakaṃ pramāṇaṃ kramayaugapadyanivṛttilakṣaṇaṃ tena vipakṣe parābhimate vyomādau vastutvāvastutvābhyaṃ vikalpyamāne sati vyāptiravadhāryata ityarthaḥ | ayamāśayaḥ--sarvaṣāmeva bhāvānāṃ kṣaṇikatve sādhye sapakṣāsaṃbhavena yanna kṣaṇikaṃ tanna sat yathā parābhimataṃ vyomādīti vyatirekavyāptiravadhāryā | nanu satā kṣaṇikena bhāvyamiti ko'yaṃ niyamaḥ ? | ghaṭādayaḥ santo'pyakṣaṇikā eva kiṃ na syuriti tu nāśaṅkanīyam | yadvevaṃ sattvamapyeṣāṃ mā bhūt | sattvaṃ hyarthakriyākāritvaṃ | arthakriyāḥ kurvadakhilaṃ krameṇa yugapadvā kuryāt | sthiratva bhāvānāmubhayathā'pi tanna ghaṭate, tasmād vyomādīnāmivāvastutaivāpatet | atha teṣāṃ vastutve kṣaṇikaireva tarbhāvyamiti |

nanu vyomādisthirabhāvamanaṅgīkurvatāṃ mate vyomādervipakṣasyāprasiddhervipakṣe dharmiṇīti kathamucyate | satyam | atāpi nāsaṅgatiḥ na hyatra vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntenāvaśyaṃ vastubhūtena bhāvyam | tathācoktam

'tasmādvaidharmadṛṣṭānte neṣṭo hetoranāśrayaḥ |'

iti | udāhṛtaṃ caitat kamalaśīlena (tatvasaṃ. pañci. 145)

trividhapratyakṣānupalambheneti | pratyakṣaṃ cānupalambhaśca tayoḥ samāhāraḥ pratyakṣānupalambhaṃ tena | tatra pratyakṣamekanupalambhau dvāviti samudāyasyāvayavabhedāt traividhyam, pratyakṣānupalambhalakṣaṇakāraṇatrikeṇa kāryakāraṇabhāvāvadhārād vyāptyavadhāraṇamiti yāvat | ayamāśayaḥ--kāryakāraṇabhāgrāhakāvanvayavyatirekau, tatrānvayaḥ pratyakṣeṇa gamyate | vyatireko'nupalambhena | dhūmaḥ sati vahnāvupalabhyate ityetat pratyakṣam | asati nopalabhyata ityayamanupalambhaḥ | ayaṃ cānupalambhaḥ prāk paścācca, utpatteḥ prāk kāraṇasya vahnerabhāvāt | paścācca kāraṇe vahnau vinaṣṭe, evaṃ pūrvāparakālabhedāt anupalambhadvaividhyam | āhatya pratyakṣānupalambhalakṣaṇakāraṇatrikeṇa kāryakāraṇabhāvāvadhāraṇadvārā bhavati vyāptyavadharaṇamiti |

'yadā dhūmastadā vahniḥ, yadā na vahnistadā na dhūma' iti kālata upalambhānupalambhābhyāṃ traividhyamuktam | atha 'yatra dhūmastatra vahniryatra na vahnistatra na dhūmaḥ' iti deśata upalambhānupalambhābhyāṃ dvābhyāṃ militāste trayaḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvāvadhāraṇe kāraṇamiti bhavati kāraṇapañcakamityabhipretyāha--pañcavidhapratyakṣamupalambhato veti |

vyāptyavadhāraṇe kāraṇamuktkā'navadhāraṇe doṣamāha--vyāptyaniścaye'naikāntiko doṣa iti |

ghaṭavaditi | vaidharmyadṛṣṭānto'yam | ayaṃ heturiti | sādhyasya sapakṣeṃiścayāt vipakṣe sādhanābhāvasya sato'pi sādhyābhāvaprayuktatvāniścayāt jīvaccharīre sātmakatvasādhanāya paraiḥ prayujyamānaḥ saprāṇatvaheturasādhāraṇa iti bhāvaḥ |

paramatenāha--aparaścāsādhāraṇa iti | yathā'nityaḥ śabdaḥ śrāvaṇatvāditi | pakṣamātravṛttitvāditi yāvat | ghaṭavadākāśavaditi | kramātsapakṣavipakṣayornirdeśaḥ |

nanu yadyetat pramāṇaṃ neti | yadanekagataṃ tadanekam anekavṛtti ca sāmānyam yat sat tat kṣaṇikam sacca vyometi vadadbhirasmābhiḥ sāmānyaṃ vyoma vā'bhyupagamya tatra darmaviśeṣasya sādhanāya neha vyāptiḥ pramāṇīkriyate, tayoranabhyupagamāditi cet kimartho'yaṃ vyāpyavyāpakabhāvopanyāsa iti bhāvaḥ | vyāptismaraṇārthamiti | ayamāśayaḥ--yadanekagataṃ tadanekaṃ, tasmāt anekagataṃ sāmānyamiṣyatā sāmānyamanekameveṣṭavyam ekaṃtaditi vadatā'nekagatamityetadvā parityājyam, iti paraṃ pratyaniṣṭe āpādayitavye'nekagatatvānekatvayorvyāpyavyāpakabhāve aniṣṭāpādakāṃśe'nekānugataikasāmānyavādinaṃ prati pradarśite ekatvaṃ vā parityājyaṃ, anekasamavetatvaṃ vā neṣṭavyamityāpādanīyāniṣṭāṃśaḥ smārito bhavet | yathā katipayavahnidhūmavyaktīnāṃ katipayasthāneṣu yathā mahānasa ityekāṃśabodhane sakalavahnidhūmayoravinābhāva upapādyaḥ smārito bhavati tatheti | idaṃ cāniṣṭāpādanaṃ parābhimatasāmānyapratiṣedhārthaṃ paryavasyatīti |

vādineti | vijigīṣukathāyāṃ vādinā svapakṣasthāpanāya prayogaḥ kartavyaḥ, svārthaparārthānumānanirūpaṇena tatra yajjñātavyaṃ tadavabodhitaṃ bhavati | atha paroktahetau doṣodbhāvanaṃ vidheyam, tadavabodhanāyāyamupakrama iti hetvābhāsanirūpaṇe saṅgatiḥ pradarśitā bhavati |

nyūnatādyuktiriti | nyūnatā--hetoravaśyāpekṣite rūpatraye'nyatamasya nyūnatā |

sandigdhasādhyadharmo hīti | siddhasya sādhane siddhasādhanaṃ nāma nigrahasthānāntaramiti pare |

trirūpaṃ tu liṅgaṃ, triṣvanyatamaṃ ca pakṣasattvaṃ | pakṣaśca saṃdigdhasādhyadharmā, sādhyaṃcenniścitaṃ sandigdhasādhyakatvābhāvena pakṣasattvasya rūpasyāsaṃbhavāt hetulakṣaṇaṃ nāstītyasiddhāveva samāveśānna nigrahasthānāntaramiti | hetoranāśrayo vyastaḥ--hetorvaiyarthyaṃ nirastam |

nahi sāmarthyaṃ nāma svarūpādanyaditi | samarthe vastuni sāmarthyaṃ nāma na vastusvarūpādbhinnaḥ kaścana dharmaḥ, vastusvarūpameva tu tat | tasminnasati vastveva netyuktaṃ bhavatīti hetorasāmarthye'vastutvameva tasyeti svarūpāsiddhāveva tasyāntarbhāva iti bhāvaḥ |

yathā sarvagata ātmeti | ātmeti pakṣanirdeśaḥ | sarvagata iti sādhyanirdeśaḥ |

tadiha bauddhasyātmaiva nāsaddha iti | pakṣeṇa hyubhayasaṃpratipannena bhāvyam | kiṃ punarasya sarvadeśopalabhyamānaguṇakatvaṃ setsyatīti | pakṣatayo'bhimatatasyā''tmana evāsiddhau taddharmatayā'bhimatasya hetoḥ kva siddhiriti kaimutikanyāyenāsiddhirityuktaṃ bhavati | pakṣasyāsiddhimupapādayati--tathā hītyādinā |

yacca mānasena pratyakṣeṇātmanaḥ siddhiriti, tannirasyati--mānasasyāpīti | satyaṃ, bhavatyahamiti pratyayaḥ, sa na kevalamahamityetāvanmātrāvalambanaḥ, gauro'haṃ, sthūlo'haṃ, kṛśo'haṃ, gacchāmyahamiti sthaulyādibāhyadharmāvalambana eva, tasmādahamarthena tadanuguṇena dharmiṇā śarīreṇaiva bhāvyamiti bhāvaḥ |

bhākto yukta iti | bhāktatāśrayaṇameva yuktamityarthaḥ | skhaladvṛttitvaprasaṅgāditi | āha ca kamalaśīlaḥ--'yadyayaṃ gauṇaḥ syāt tadā skhaladvṛttirbhavet | nahi loke siṃhamāṇavakayormukhyāropitayordvayorapi siṃha ityaskhalitā buddhirbhavati | madīyāḥ śarīrādaya iti vyatirekadarśanāt skhaladvṛttirahaṃkāraḥ śarīrādiriti cenna | ātmanyapi skhaladvṛttitva-prasaṅgāt | tatrāpi hi madīya ātmeti vyatireko dṛśyate | kalpito'tra bheda iti ceditaratrāpi samānamastu' | iti | (tatvasaṃ. pañci. 90)

kāryasvabhāvaliṅgābhāvāditi | kāryasya svabhāvasya vā liṅgasyābhāvādityarthaḥ | tayorabhāvamevopapādayati--nityaparokṣeṇetyādinā | sati tasminnidaṃ kāryaṃ, asati ca tasminnedaṃ ityanvayavyatirekasacāradarśane hi tasyedaṃ kāryamiti vijñāyeta | nityatayā parokṣatayā cābhyupagatasya deśakālaparicchedābhāvenānvayatirekopalambhābhāvānna kāryaliṅgasiddhiḥ, ātmana evāsiddheḥ kaḥ svabhāvaliṅgasya prasaṅga iti bhāvaḥ |

anyetāpi liṅgeneti | jīvaccharīraṃ sātmakaṃ prāṇādimattvāditi yadanumānaṃ pradarśitaṃ tatra sādhyasyātmano'siddhatayā na tena hetorvyāptirniścīyeteti na tadanumānamātmasādhanāya prabhavatīti bhāvaḥ |

na kā'pi vipratipattiriti | asmadabhyupagatā kṣaṇikavijñānadhīreva bhavatā''tmeti śabdāntareṇa vyavahriyata iti nātra no vipratipattiriti bhāvaḥ |

nanu vyāptyasiddhirapi dūṣaṇamiti | sopādhikatvena vyāpyatvāsiddhiriti pararasiddhāvantarbhāvyamānā yā vyāpyatvāsiddhiḥ sā kuto nokteti bhāvaḥ | na svalakṣaṇābhyāmiti | sarvameva hi vastu svalakṣaṇam | svameva lakṣaṇaṃ yasya tat, nānyenānugatena sāmānyena lakṣyate | tasmāt sarvameva kṣaṇikaṃ tattadvyaktilakṣaṇameva | tāsāṃ ca tattadvyaktīnāṃ deśakālabhedena paricchedena paricchinnatayā tattadvayaktīnāmeva sāhacaryagrahāt sāmānyānavalambhinī vyāptirnaiva siddhayet | sāmānyamukhenaiva hi vyāptirgrāhyeti bhāvaḥ |

tatra yadi sādhanaṃ sādhyena vyāptamityādi | upādhiparijñānapūrvakaṃ vā'nyathā vā sādhane sādhyavyāptyuparodhagrahe syādevānaikāntikateti vyabhicāronnāyakatāmātreṇa na doṣāntarateti bhāvaḥ |

nanu sāmānyamanabhupagacchatāṃ sāmānyamukhenaiva vyāptigraha ityetat kathaṃ syāditi śaṅkate--nānvatyādinā | samādhatte--naiva doṣa iti | nanvapoha iti saṃjñābhedamātram, anekānugataṃ tvabhyupagamyate tvayā'pītyāśaṅkāṃ pariharannāha--nanu ko'yamapoho nāmetyādinā | bāhya eveti | yo'bhyupagato bāhyo gavādiḥ sa eva, nānyat sāmānyaṃ parairiveṣyata iti bhāvaḥ | apohaśca paryudāsataḥ prasajyapratiṣedhataśca bhavati dvedhā | paryudāsaśca bhavati dvedhā--arthātmā buddhyātmā ceti | tathā coktam--

"tathāhi dvividho'pohaḥ paryudāsaniṣedhataḥ |
dvividhaḥ paryudāso'pi buddhyātmārthātmabhedataḥ ||"
iti (tatvasaṃ. 396)

tatra prathamamarthātmātmakamapohaṃ vyācaṣṭe--apohyeta'nyasmāditi | anyasmāt mahiṣāderanyad vijātīyaṃ śābaleyādi apohyate vyāvartyate iti seyaṃ vyāvṛttirapohaḥ | sā ceyaṃ vyāvṛttiḥ śābaleyādyātmaiva, abhāvasyāvastutvādinyarthaḥ | yadyapi na śābaleyātmā bāhuleyaḥ, navā bāhuleyātmā śābaleyaḥ, athāpyubhāvapyagonivṛttyātmānau tu | anūditaṃ caitat |

"yadrūpaṃ śābaleyasya bāhuleyasya nāsti tat |
bāhuleyasya yadrūpaṃ śābaleyasya nāsti tat ||
atadrūpaparāvṛttirdvayorapi samā matā ||"
iti | catadrūpaparāvṛttiḥ--agovyāvṛttiḥ |

apohaścārthātmā buddhyātmā ceti dvedhā bhavati | tatra prathamamarthātmoktaḥ, atha buddhyātmānamāha--yathāpratibhāsamityādinā | śābaleyabāhuleyādīn viśeṣān paśyataḥ svalakṣaṇairata eva mitho bhinnairapi tairyathāpratibhāsamarthapratibhāsātmā buddhāvākāra udbhavati | so'yamapoha ucyate iti bhāvaḥ | nanu kathamasminnapoha iti saṃjñā ? tatrāha -- apohyate pṛthakkriyate'sminniti | uktaṃ ca--

"ekapratyavamarśasya yā uktā hetavaḥ purā |
abhayādisamā arthāḥ prakṛtyaivānyabhedinaḥ ||
tānupāśritya yajjñāne bhātyarthapratibimbakam ||
kalpake'rthātmatābhāve'pyarthā ityeva niścitam ||
pratibhāsāntarād bhedādanyavyāvṛttavastunaḥ ||
prāptihetutayā'śliṣṭavastudvārā gaterapi ||
vijātīyaparāvṛttaṃ tat phalaṃ yatsvalakṣaṇam ||
tasminnadhyavasāyādvā tādātmyenāsya viplutaiḥ ||
tatrānyāpoha ityeṣā saṃjñoktā sanibandhanā || "
iti (tatvasaṃ. 317)

darśitaṃ cārthātmanaḥ svarūpaṃ tatraiva--
"svalakṣaṇe'pi taddhetāvanyaviśleṣabhāvataḥ" | iti |

atha prasajyapratiṣedharūpamapohamāha--yathātattvamiti | prasajyarūpo'poha iti | prasajyepratiṣedharūpo'poha ityarthaḥ | uktaṃ caitat --

'prasajyapratiṣedhaśca gauragaurna bhavatyayam |
ativispaṣṭa evāyamanyāpoho'vagamyate ||' iti (tatvasaṃ. 318)

nivṛttimātramiti | na tu nivṛttaḥ sa hi paryudāsa iti yāvat | prasajyapratiṣedhena hyapohanamavagamyate ityāha--apohanamapoha iti kṛtveti | prasajyapratiṣedharūpāpohapakṣe gauriti pratītau kevalo vidhiḥ svalakṣaṇātmā viṣayo bhavatītyāgataṃ na tvapoha ityāśayenāśaṅkate--nanvityādinā | samādhatte neti | yadyapi prasajyapratiṣedhātmā'poho'pohanameva, pratyaye viṣayastu tadviśiṣṭo vidhireva, na kevalaṃ vidhirityarthaḥ | uktārthadārḍhyārya pareṣāṃ mataṃ nirasyannāha yattviti |

na gavātmā'gavātmeti | gavātmāyaṃ, nāgavātmā--nāgauḥ, iti prasajyapratiṣedhalakṣaṇo'pohaḥ sāmarthyāt--arthāpatteḥ paścāt pratīyate, prathamaṃ tu vidhereva vastunaḥ svalakṣaṇasyaivetyarthaḥ | tadidaṃ matadvayaṃ lokānubhavaviruddhamityāha--tannetyādinā |

nanu śābde vyavahāre gaurityeva śabda uccāryate, nānyāpoḍha iti śabdaḥ, kathamanyāpoḍhasya śabdataḥ pratipattirbhavet ; anyaḥ śabdaḥ, anyasyārthasya tu pratipattiriti kathamityāśayena śaṅkate--yadyapīti | apoha eva śabdārtha ityāśayena pariharati--tathā'pīti |

śabdādarthapratipattikāla evāpoho'pi pratipadyetetyetad draḍhayannāha--yathācetyādinā | pratyakṣasyeti | gāṃ paśyan puruṣaḥ sapadi nāyamaśva iti prasajyapratiṣedhalakṣaṇamabhāvaṃ gṛhṇātyeva, pratyakṣaṃ tu svayaṃ vikalparahitaṃ, vikalpotpādanaśaktimat, vikalpotpādanaśaktimattaiva tu vikalpagrāhitā pratyakṣasya, ataeva bhavati gāṃ purataḥ sthitāṃ paśyataḥ sapadi nāyamaśva ityadhyavasāya iti bhāvaḥ |

tathā vikalpānāmapīti | vikalpāḥ--śabdājjāyamānā bodhāḥ | pratyakṣamekaṃ nāmajātyādikalpanāhīnam, anyat sarvameva jñānamanumānaṃ vā śābdaṃ vā bhavati vakalpātmakameva | teṣāmeṣāṃ śābdānāṃ vikalpānāmeṣā tadanurūpānuṣṭhānajananaśaktiḥ, anuṣṭhānaṃ pravṛttinivṛttyātmakam, sā śaktirevāpohalakṣaṇābhāvagrahaṇamucyate | apohādhyavasāya iti yāvat | tasmāt gāmānayeti śabdaṃ śṛṇvataḥ puruṣasya sapadi bhavatyapoḍhādhyavasāyaḥ, yathādhyavasāyaṃ ca pravartate, ataḥ śabdānāmapoḍhe saṅketa iti susthitamiti bhāvaḥ |

śabdārthayorvācyavācakabhāvasvarūpamavadhārayati--tasmāt sthitametaditi | adhyavasāyādeveti | apohādhyavāsāyādevetyarthaḥ | śabdena bhavatyadhyavasāyaḥ, tasmādevāpoḍho bāhyārthaḥ śabdavācyo bhavatītyarthaḥ | bāhyārthapratipattyādhāyakāpohādhyavasāyaprayojakataiva śabdasya bāhyārthavācakateti yāvat | natu svalakṣaṇaparisphūrttyeti | na pratyakṣeṇeva svalakṣaṇaparisphūrttyādhānenetyarthaḥ | tatra kāraṇamāha--pratyakṣavaditi | atrāptasaṃvādamāha--yadāheti | avyāpṛtākṣasya śabdena śabdārthayorvācyavācakabhāvatattvaṃ śāntarakṣitena nirūpitam--

'tatrāyaṃ prathamaḥ śabdairapohaḥ pratipādyate |
bāhyārthādyavasāyinyā buddheḥ śabdāt samudbhavāt |
tadrūpapratibimbasya dhiyaḥ śabdācca janmani |
vācyavācakabhāvo'yaṃ jāto hetuphalātmakaḥ | '
iti tattvasaṃ. pa. 318-319

vyākhyātaṃ ca kamalaśīlena--'prathama iti | yathoktārthapratibimbātmā | (yathoktārthaśca paryudāsātmako'pohaḥ) tatra kāraṇamāha--bāhyārthādhyavasāyinyetyādi | ya eva hi śabde jñāne pratibhāsate sa eva śabdārtho yuktaḥ, na cātra prasajyapratiṣedhādhyavasāyo'sti, ncāpīndriyajñānajatsvalakṣaṇapratibhāsaḥ, kiṃ tarhi? bāhyārthādhyavasāyinī kevalaṃ śābdī buddhirupajāyate, tena tadevārthapratibimbakaṃ śābde jñāne sākṣāt tadātmatayā pratibhāsanācchābdo'rtho yukto nānya iti bhāvaḥ | yaścāpi śabdasyārthena saha vācyavācakabhāvalakṣaṇaḥ saṃbandhaḥ prasiddho nāsau kāryakāraṇabhāvādanyo'tratiṣṭhate; api tu kāryakāraṇabhāvātmaka eveti darśayati--tadrūpapratibimbasyatyādi | tat adhyavasitabahirbhāvalakṣaṇaṃ rūpaṃ svabhāvo yasya tattathoktam, tadrūpaṃ ca tat pratibimbaṃ ceti samāsaḥ | tasya tadrūpapratibambasya dhiyaḥ saṃbandhinaḥ śabdāt janmanyutpāde sati sa vācyavācakalakṣaṇo nirūpyamāṇaḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvātmaka eva jātaḥ | tathāhi--śabdaḥ pratibimbasya janakatvādvācaka ucyate, tacca pratibimbaṃ śabdena janyamānatvādvācyam |' iti (tattvasaṃ. pa. 318-319)

tattvataḥ svalakṣaṇasya śabdavācyatve doṣamāha--kiñceti | idaṃ ca śabdaprāmāṇyamanabhyupagacchataḥ svasamayaniṣṭhān prati pratipādyate | ayamāśayaḥ --yadi śabdasya tattvato bāhyārthavācakatā sākṣādiṣyeta, tadā tasminnarthe śabdasya prāmāṇyāpātena śabdapramāṇato'vagatasyārthasya sattvaviniścayāt ' ayaṃ gaurastī' ti astipadaprayogo vyarthaḥ, nāstīti cānupapannamiti | upasaṃharati tasmānna svalakṣaṇamiti |

śabdaśravaṇasamantaraṃ yathāsaṅketaṃ samupajātāduktalakṣaṇādhyavasāyādbhavati bāhyārthāvabodhaḥ tasya sattā tu nāvagamyate, ata stadavabhdhanāyāstīti padaprayotopapattiḥ |

uktamarthaṃ śaṅkātatparihāramukhena viśadayati--nanviti | pratyakṣāt śābde vaiṣamyamāha--pratyakṣyasyāniścayātmakatvādityādinā | vikalpasya tviti | pratyakṣaṃ hi svalakṣaṇamātraṃ gṛhṇāti, naikamapi vikalpaṃ anyattu vikalpaviśiṣṭameva, ata eva pratyakṣādanyadviniścayātmakameveti, śabdasya cedbāhyārthe sākṣādvācakatā, tena tadarthāvabodho viniścayātmaka eva syāt, tathā ca svalakṣāṇasya tadarthasya sattā tenaivāvadhṛteti na tadavabodhanāya astītipadāpekṣeti bhāvaḥ |

na kiñcitpramāṇamupalabhāmaha--iti | pramāṇāsaṃbhavamevopapādayati--tathāhītyādi nā | yā vyaktiryenendriyeṇa gṛhyate tanniṣṭhā jātirapi tenaivendriyeṇa gṛhyata ityeṣa pareṣāṃ svagoṣṭhīniṣṭhaḥ samayaḥ kevalam, na hyunmīlitanayanaṃ paśyato'pi puṃso nīlādivarṇāt sāsnālāṅgūlādisanniveśaviśeṣalakṣaṇākṛteścānyannayanapathe'vatarati | tat sāmānye na pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇamiti bhāvaḥ | nanu mā bhūt sāmānye pratyakṣaṃ, athāpi gamekāṃ purataḥ paśyato'nubhūtānekagovyakteḥ puṃso bhavati kaścidekākāraparāmarśalakṣaṇaḥ pratyayaḥ, tatra cālambanaṃ kimapi nimittaṃ kalpanīyam, anyathā tadanupapattestadeva ca sāmānyamityāśayena pareṇa kriyamānāmāśaṅkāmanūdya nirasyati--naceti | vyaktibhya eva svahetudattaśaktibhya iti | gavādivyaktayaḥ svahetubhyo jāyamānāṃ śaktiviśeṣaviśiṣṭā eva jāyante, yayā mitho bhinnā api gośabdābhilapyāḥ kāścideva vyaktayo gaurityekākāraparāmarśe hetavo bhavanti, tasmānnaikākāraparāmarśapratyayopapattaye sāmānyamālambanāntaraṃ kalpanīyamiti bhāvaḥ | bhinnānāmapi satāṃ kathamekākāraparāmarśapratyahetutvamityatrāha--bhede'pītyādi | atrāptasaṃvādamāha--bhede'pi niyatāḥ keciditi | indriyādivaditi | indriyatvāviśeṣe'pi kāsāñcideva vyaktīnāṃ rupagrahaṇasāmarthyaṃ kāsāñcideva rasagranaḥasāmarthyamiti yathā niyataṃ tathetyarthaḥ | ādiśabdāt harītakyādayo gṛhyante |

nanu satyapi sāmānyāśrayaṇasyāvaśyakatve kiṃ sāmānyena, vyaktibhirevālam, tāsāmeṣa svabhāvaviśeṣo yadekākārapratyavamarśahetutvamiti svabhāvāśrayaṇetottaraṃ pramāṇikavastvapalāpāyaivetyāśaṅkāṃ parihannāha-- kiñceti |

ayamāśayaḥ--dravyādibhyo vyāvṛttaṃ bhinnaṃ sāmānyamatiriktaḥ padārthaṃ iti vadatāṃ mate jātivyaktyoratyantabhedo bhavatyabhimataḥ, gotvāśvatvādi tu sutarāṃ bhinnam, evaṃ bhedāviśeṣe'pi gotvaṃ govyaktiṣveva samavaiti nānyatra, aśvatvamaśvavyaktiṣveva samavaiti nānyatretyatra kiṃ niyāmakamiti śaṅkāyāṃ svabhāva evaiṣa gotvādīnāṃ, yannānyatra samavaitīti svabhāvāśrayaṇenaivottaraṃ tairapi deyaṃ, tadasmān prati ko'yamākṣepaḥ svabhāvāśrayaṇenottaramasaṃgatamiti | asmābhiḥ pratipādyamānaṃ svabhāvāśraṇenottaraṃ prāmāṇikaṃ paraiḥ pratipādyamānaṃ tvaprāmāṇikamityeṣa viśeṣa iti |

sāmānyasādhakatayā parairāśritamanumānaṃ dūṣayannāha--tathedamaparamityādinā | atrocyata iti | sādhyaṃ vikalpya dūṣayati--viśiṣṭavuddherityādinā | bhinnaviśeṣaṇeti | viśeṣyāt bhinnaṃ yadviśeṣaṇam--viśiṣṭabuddhau viśeṣyatayā bhāsamānasya yadviśeṣaṇatayā bhāsate viśeṣyato bhinnaṃ, tadgrahaṇanāntarīyakatvamityarthaḥ |

prathamavikalpe dūṣaṇamāha--vastugrāhiṇi pratyakṣe ubhayapratibhāsābhāvāditi | viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyobhayapratibhāsābhāvādityarthaḥ | gauriti yadvastupratyakṣaṃ tat piṇḍaṃ tato bhinnaṃ gotvaṃ sāmānyaṃ cobhayamavabhāsayatītyetat sarvānubhavaviruddham, puraḥsthitaṃ paśyato hi sphurati vastumātramiti bhāvaḥ |

dūṣaṇāntaramāha--viśiṣṭabuddhitvaṃ ceti | anekāntikatāmupapādayati--bhinnaviśeṣaṇagrahaṇamantareṇāpīti | yathā svarūpavān ghaṭa iti | ghaṭasya svarūpaṃ hi ghaṭānnātiricyate | gotvaṃ sāmānyamiti veti | na sāmānyaṃ gotvādanyat, gotve sāmānyatvamiti ca na gotvato bhinnaṃ, tatsvarūpameva tu tat |

dvitīyavikalpe dūṣaṇamāha--dvitīyetyādinā | siddhasādhanamupapādayati--svarūpavān ghaṭa ityādivaditi | ayaṃ gauriti pratyakṣe vastuto vastumātragrāhiṇyapi svarūpavān ghaṭa ityatra kalpitabhedamādāya viśeṣyaviśeṣaṇabhāvopapattivat piṇḍādananyatve'pi gotvasya kalpitabhedamādāya viśeṣyaviśeṣaṇabhāvopapattyā arthāntaraprasaṅga iti bhāvaḥ | gaurayamityanugatavyavahārastvagovyāvṛttimevāvalambate, sā ca vyāvṛttirvyāvarttyānnātiricyata ityāha--agovyāvṛttyanubhavabhāvitvāditi |

evaṃ sāmānyasādhakatayā parābhimataṃ prayogaṃ nirasya sāmānyanirāsakaṃ prayogaṃ pradarśayati--sāmānyasya niṣedhāyetyādinā--yadyatropalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaṃ sannopalabhyate iti | upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptatve satyapyanupalabhyamānatvaṃ hetuḥ | hetorasiddhiśaṅkāṃ nivārayati--nacāsiddhisaṃbhāvaneti |

varṇasaṃsthānasahitamiti | satyapīndriyasaṃprayogādāvupalambhakasamavāye upalabhyamāne ca vyaktiviśeṣe tatra gotvaṃ vipratipannaṃ naivopalabhyate, upalabhyamānaṃ vyakteḥ svarūpaṃ tu varṇasaṃsthānātmakam, na tato'nyā gotvajātirupalabhyate iti nāsiddho heturiti bhāvaḥ |

nanu darśanāgocarasyāpi jñānasyeva cākṣuṣopalambhāgocarasyāpi sāmānyasya nāsadbhāva ityāśaṅkāmanūdya pariharati--nāpītyādinā | upakrāntaṃ sāmānyanirasanamupasaṃharati--tasmāditi |

nāpīti | prasaktānuprasaktyā prāpto'yaṃ vicāraḥ | hetudoṣanirūpaṇaprakaraṇe'siddhinirūpaṇāvasare sāmānyavicāraḥ prasaṅgataḥ prāptaḥ, sa ca prāsaṅgiko vicāraḥ 'tasmāt sarvaṃ saṃskṛtaṃ vastu paraparikalpitasāmānyena śūnya' miti samupasaṃhṛtaḥ | yathā saṃskṛtaṃ sarvaṃ vastu niḥsāmānyakaṃ tathā na kenāpyuparacitamiti prasaktamanuprasaktametat | nanu śākhācaṅkramaṇaṃ yat saṃskṛtavastunirdeśamanupravṛttirasmin vicāra iti | naitat | ' yadi nityaḥ kartā jagato na kāraṇaṃ kimasya tarhi kāraṇam, sattvānāṃ śubhāśubhākhyaṃ karma' ityādinā pramāṇanirūpaṇāt prameyanirūpaṇe'vatarato dvārametat | etena pūrvameveśvaro jagataḥ kartā nirasta iti punaruktametaditi śaṅkā parihṛtā, prakarāntareṇa tanniṣedho'tra pravartata iti | tatreśvarasādhakatayā paropanyastasya prayogasya nirasanamiha tu tasya sargādikartṛtvānupapattiriti nirasanaprakārabhedaḥ |

tatra tāvanna nityo yukta iti | nityaḥ jananamaraṇaśūnyaḥ | asamarthaḥ, athāpi karteti vyāhatam, atha samartho nityaśca, tadā tvayaṃ doṣa ityāha--nityeṃ kartari samarthe satīti | tadasya svarūpaṃ pralayakāle'pīti | nahi nityasya svarūpaṃ kālabhedāt bhidyeta, yadi bhidyeta, tarhyanityataivāpatediti bhāvaḥ |

sargādīnāmayaugapadyasya sahakāryasamavadhānamūlakatāmāśaṅkya nirasyati | sahakārivirahādityādinā |

anityasya sahakāriṇo'pi tadāyattatvāditi | kāryamātraṃ prati tasya kāraṇatvena sahakāriṇo janayanneṣa nityaḥ samarthaḥ kuto yugapanna janayatītīyamāśaṅkā tatrāpi tulyaiveti bhāvaḥ |

nanu satyameṣa samartho nityaśca, paramīśvaro'yam, satyāmicchāyāṃ kuryāt na cenna kuryāditi na sarvakāryayaugapadyaprasaṅga ityāśayena śaṅkate--buddhimatvādīśvarasyeti | adhiṣṭhātṛnirapekṣapradhānakāraṇavāde seyamāśaṅkāvataret, jaḍatvāt tasya, cetanaṃ kāraṇamabhyupagacchato'smān prati tu nāsyāḥ śaṅkāyā avasara iti bhāvaḥ | icchānāṃ vā kuto na yaugapadyamityāśayenāha -- tā apīti |

sahakārilakṣāṇayā āgantukaśaktayeti | ayamāśayaḥ--satyaṃ sahakāriṇyo'pyetadāyattāḥ, śaktasyāsyāsya śaktiviśeṣarūpāstāḥ ayaṃ ca nityaḥ samarthaśca sarvakāryorpādane, athāpi tāḥ sahakārilakṣaṇāḥ śaktayastvāgantukyaḥ ataḥ sargādīnāṃ na yaugapadyaprasaṅgaṃ iti bhāvaḥ |

sa ca nityaḥ, sāmarthyaṃ cāsyāvyāhataṃ, sahakāri sarvaṃ tadadhīnam, athāpi te sahakāriṇaḥ kādācitkā ityatat vyāhataṃ vaca ityāśayenāha--tarhi mātā'pi satīti | yatkiñcidetat asāramityarthaḥ |

kāryasya svabhāvaviśeṣamavalambhya pratyavatiṣṭhate--nanveṣa eva kāryasya svabhāva iti| nirasyati--tanneti | samarścet parasvabhāvamayibhūyāpi kasmānna svakāryaṃ sādhayati, yadi na sādhayedasamrtha eva sa iti bhāvaḥ |

dūṣaṇāntaramāha--nāpīti | sraṣṭā'yaṃ kramāt bhāvān sṛjatīti hi bhavān manyate | samarthasya nityasya kramāt kāryādhānamityanupapannam, nairapekṣyāt samarthatvācca karturiti bhāvaḥ | atrāptasaṃvādamāha--yadāheti | kālayoḥ--kāryaniṣpādanakāle, atatkālecityarthaḥ | sadṛśātmanaḥ--samarthasya nityasya svarūpaṃ hi na viparivartate jātu, tathāsatyanityatāpatteriti bhāvaḥ |

eteneti | nityānām--nityatayā'bhimatānāṃ jīvātmanām, akṣaṇikānām--akṣaṇikatayā'bhimatānāṃ ghaṭādīnāṃ ca | yadidaṃ kramāt kāryādhānaṃ dṛśyate tat sthira tayā'bhimate kasmiṃścadapi na ghaṭata iti bhāvaḥ | uktaṃ ca śāntarakṣitena--

kāryāṇi hi vilambante kāraṇāsannidhānataḥ |
samarthahetusadbhāve kṣepasteṣāṃ hi kiṃkṛtaḥ ||
iti (tattva. pa. 146)

ataeva kāryakriyāsamarthānāṃ sarveṣāṃ kṣaṇikataiveti susthitam |

nanu sarvasya kṣaṇikateti pratyakṣaviruddham, pratyakṣeṇākṣaṇikataiva hi gamyata ityāśaṅkate--nacātra pratyakṣavirodha iti | atra pratividhante--pratyakṣeṇetyādinā | akṣaṇikasyeti | akṣaṇikatvasyeti yāvat | nahīti | ayamāśayaḥ--pratyakṣaṃ hi sākṣātkāraḥ, sa ca kṣaṇikaḥ, yadā svayamudbhavati tadā vartamānaṃ vastumātraṃ gṛhṇāti, na tasya pūrvāparakṣaṇayogaṃ ca, svayaṃ ca kṣaṇāntare vinaśyan anekakṣaṇayogamekasya gṛhītuṃ na kalpante iti | pūrvāparakṣaṇayośca na vartamāne sākṣātkārakāle prakāśo ghaṭeta, tathāsati tayorapi kālayorvartamānatāpatterityāha--nahi prāgūrdhvamiti | yadi punaḥ pratyakṣakāle pūrvāparakṣaṇayogasyāpi prakāśa iṣyeta, tarhi sākṣātkriyamāṇasya vastunastadaivājanmata āvināśamanuvartamānaḥ kālānvayo'pi prakāśeta, tathāsatyutpannasya vastuno vināśāvadhirapi bhavatāṃ mate vijñāta eva bhavedityāśayenāha--janmavināśāvadhīti |

nanu pratyabhijñāpratyakṣaṃ kāladvayaṃsaṃbandhaṃ gṛhṇātītyatrāha--eteneti | etenetyanenābhipretaṃ pratyabhijñāyā apratyakṣatvamupapādayati--sākṣātkāri hi jñānamityādinā | sākṣātkartavyam, sākṣātkartuṃ kṣamamiti yāvat | naca smaraṇaṃ pratyakṣamiti | smaraṇaṃ pratyakṣātmakaṃ na bhavatītyarthaḥ--

atra kumārilamataṃ nirasyaṃstanmatenākṣipati--atheti | idānīntanamavasthānaṃ na sākṣātkuryāditi | ayamiti tu bhavatīdānīntanasya grahaṇam, taccākṣasāpekṣam, tadaindrikasyāsya pratyakṣatā'vyāhataiveti, pratyakṣaviruddhā ca kṣaṇikateti bhāvaḥ | uktārtha tasya kārikāmanuvadati--yadāhetyādinā | atirekiṇīti | smṛtito bhinnā, sākṣātkaraprametyarthaḥ |

tadetat kumāriloktaṃ pratikṣipati--smaraṇagrahaṇarūpaṃ tarhi pratyabhijñānaṃ syāditi | nanu neyaṃ pratyabhijā smṛteratiricyate, ayamitivat sa ityavi grahaṇāt, smaryamāṇe ca tadavasthe'kṣāyogāt na sākṣātkārarūpatā, gṛhyamāṇe cedamavasthe na smaraṇātmatā, tasmāt smaraṇagrahaṇobhayātmataiva prasajet, natu smṛtivyatiriktasākṣātkāripramātmatā, ubhayarūpatā caikajñānasya na ghaṭeteti bhāvaḥ |

nanu--ekamevānyena rūpeṇa smaryate, anyena rūpeṇa tu gṛhyate, prādhānyaṃ tu gṛhyamāṇarūpataḥ, saṃskārasāpekṣatā tu gṛhyamāṇasyopalakṣaṇāṃśe, ataḥ purasthitavastugrahaṇarūpaiveyaṃ pratyabhijñetyāśayena parasya pratyavasthānamanūdya nirasyati -- yena hītyādinā | anunmattena na śakyate vaktumiti | ekaṃ vastu rūpe ca bhinne dve iti vadannunmatta eva syāt, rūpabhedo hi svarūpabhedādananya iti bhāvaḥ |

bhāvepīti | ekasya smaraṇagrahaṇabhāvābhyupagamepītyarthaḥ | pratyakṣāpratyakṣatvaṃ syāditi | ekasyaiva jñānasyāṃśataḥ pratyakṣatvamaṃśato'pratyakṣatvaṃ cāpatet, na tu pratyakṣataivetyarthaḥ | tasmātpratyabhijñāpratyayo bhrānta eva nirviṣayatvāditi | nirviṣayatvāt--yathā'vasthitavastvaviṣayatvādityarthaḥ | āha ca śāntarakṣitaḥ --

nanu ca pratyabhijñānaṃ sa evetyupajāyate |
akṣavyāpārasadbhāve niṣprakampamabādhitam ||
tataḥ pratyakṣabādheyaṃ durvārā sarvahetuṣu |
kṣaṇabhaṅgaprasiddhyarthamupātteṣu na yujyate ||
na khalu pratyabhijñānaṃ pratyakṣamupapadyate |
vasturūpamanirdaśyaṃ sābhilāpaṃ ca tadyataḥ ||
bhrāntaṃ ca pratyabhijñānaṃ pratyekaṃ tadvilakṣaṇam |
abhedādhyavasāyena bhinnarūpe'pi vṛttitaḥ ||
iti (tattva. pa. 157)

pratyabhijñāyā bhramatve prayogamāha--prayogaścaivamiti | sa tattvato naikālambana iti | tattvato nābhinnālambanaḥ, adhyastābhedālaṃbana iti yāvat | viruddhavyāptopalabdhiriti | viruddhavyāptopalabdhimupapādayati--ekatvānekatvayorigyādinā | ekatvānekatvayoḥ--bhedābhedayoḥ | viṣayavirodhādviṣayiṇorapyupalambhayorvirodha ityāha--tadviṣayayorapīti | na pratyabhijñānaṃ kṣaṇikānumāne bādhakamiti | bhrāntitvāditi bhāvaḥ |

viruddhavyaptirnāstītyāśaṅkate--na ceti | ata eveti | ayamāśayaḥ -- nanu viruddho'yaṃ hetuḥ--pratyabhijñā hi deśāre kālātare vā'nubhūtasya taddeśakālayogaṃ tadevedaṃ nīlamiti gamayati, autsargikametat | lūnapunarjātādiṣu ca sāmānyaikyam, tadevaṃ pratyabhijñātvaṃ naikālambanatvatya viruddham, vahneriva jalam, virodhādeva cānaikāntikatā'pīti cenna | sthirasya krameṇākrameṇa vā kriyākāritvamanupapannamityasakṛduktameva, tat pratyabhijñānasyaikālambanatvaṃ naivopapadyate iti na viruddhatvamanaikāntikatā veti | nanu pratyabhijñānameva svarasato vastvaikvamavagamayati, naiva, tasyaikālambanatvaṃ kiṃ yuktaṃ na vetyetadevādya vicāryata iti pratyabhijñānato vastvaikyopapādanamanupapannamipyāha--naca pratyabhijñānameveti | jagato buddhimadviracitatvāsaṃbhavamupakrāntamupasaṃharati--tasmāt sthitametaditi |

sattvalokamiti | sattvāni--prāṇinaḥ, tallakṣāṇo lokaḥ sattvalokaḥ | bhājana lokaḥ--sattvānāṃ prāṇināṃ bhājanabhūtaḥ-- āśrayabhūto loko bhājanalokaḥ, tadimamativicitraṃ cittameva racayati--cittaṃ buddhirjñānamiti paryāyāḥ | cittamevabāhyātmanā bhāsata iti cittavilāsa eva sarmaviti bhāvaḥ | karmajaṃ hi jagaduktamaśeṣaṃ | karma cittamavadhūya na cānyat--dvividhaṃ satyaṃ--pāramārthikasatyaṃ sāṃvṛtika satyaṃ ceti | tatra pāramārthikadṛṣtayā tu cittameva sarvasya mūlam sāṃvṛtidṛṣṭayā tu aśeṣaṃ jagat sattvānāṃ karmaṇā jātam | tadevaṃ karma cittaṃ cetyubhayaṃ vinā jagato na kiñcinmūlamiti bhāvaḥ | vaibhāṣikamatamāśrityetyetadvakturdṛṣtayā, vaibhāṣikādyavāntarabhedo hi bhagavataḥ paścāttanaḥ yadvacanamāśritya vaibhāṣikāḥ pravartante iti yāvat |

atha sarvajñāṃ sādhayan parasyāśaṅkāmanuvadati--nanviti | kiṃ pramāṇam--pramāṇaṃ nāstītyarthaḥ | asti pramāṇamanumānamityabhiprāyeṇāha--ucyate iti catvāryāsatyāni teṣāṃ sākṣātkāro yasya bhavati sa sarvajñaḥ, sākṣātkāraśca sphuṭāvabhāsa ityabhiprāyeṇa teṣāṃ sphuṭāvabhāse prayogaṃ darśayati--yo ya ityādinā | vyāptyavabodhakaṃ prathamaṃ vākyam, dvitīyaṃ ca pakṣadharmatāvabodhakam, tatra sādaranirantaradīrghakālābhyāsasahitacetoguṇatā hetuḥ, sphuṭibhāvayogyatā sādhyam, udāharaṇaṃ kāminyākāraḥ kāmukacittagataḥ, caturāryasatyaviṣayākārāḥ bodhicittagatāḥ pakṣaḥ, svabhāvahetunā'nena caturṇāmāryasatyānāṃ sphuṭībhāvayogyatve siddhe sphuṭāvabāṣāsaṃbhavanirasanamukhena sarvajñāsiddhirnirastā bhavati |

idamatra bodhyam | sarvajñe pramāṇaṃ neti vadato'yamāśayaḥ--na tasmin pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇam, na hi dṛśyate kaścit sarvadarśī, nāpyanumānam, dṛṣṭasajāteyeṣveva tatprasarāt, na ca śabdaḥ tadbodhake prāmāṇyasaṃśayāt | sarvajñatā ca na ghaṭate | na hyatīndriyānarthān kaścid draṣṭuṃ śaknoti, indriyāyattaprakāśā hyarthaḥ , prajñāprakarṣe'pi nendriyārthayoḥ svabhāvaṃ samatilaṅghya kiñcit jñātuṃ śaknoti | uktaṃ ca --

ye'pi sātiśayā dṛṣṭāḥ prajñāmeghābalairnarāḥ |
stokastokāntaratvena na tvatīndriyadarśanāt ||
prājño'pi hi naraḥ sūkṣmānarthān draṣṭuṃ kṣamo'pi san |
svajātīnanatikrāmannatiśete parānnarān ||
iti | (tattvasaṃ. pa. 825)

tasmādabhyāsātiśaye satyapi niravadhāvarthendriyayoḥ svabhāvātilaṅghanaṃ durghaṭameva | yattu yogābhyāsabalādatīndriyārthadarśanaṃ ghaṭeteti, tadapyanupapannam, so'pi vicāryamāṇoṃavaratānudhyānalakṣaṇaḥ avicchinnasmṛtidhārārūpaḥ svayaṃ na sākṣātkārātmā, smṛtirapyanubhūtārthāvalaṃbanīti na yogābhyāsato'pyatīndriyārthasākṣātkāriteti na sarvajñaḥ siddhyatīti | sarvajñaṃ samarthayatastvayamāśayaḥ--yāvanna bādhakamupalabhyate, tāvannāstīti na niścīyeta, na hayadṛṣṭimātreṇārthasyāsambhavaḥ, tat sarvajñe pratyakṣādipramāṇānupalambhamātreṇa kathaṃ tatpratiṣedhaḥ kartuṃ śakyeta, na ca svāpnikānāṃ tattatpuruṣamātravedyānāmaparairanupalabhyamānānāmapalāpaḥ kartuṃ śakyeta | yāvadbādhakaṃ nopalabhyate tāvat tatra saṃśayastu syādeva, evaṃ sati kathaṃ bhavān sugatasārvajñyaṃ pratiṣeddhuṃ prabhavati | nanu bādhakaṃ pradarśitam--'sarvajñatā ca na ghaṭate' ityādinā | atrocyate--na kimapi daurghaṭyam | yaścāyaṃ svabhāvaviśeṣa indriyārthayoḥ cakṣū rūpamevagṛhṇīyāt, na śrotrādi śrotraṃ śabdameva gṛhṇīyānna rūpam, 'evaṃ rūpaṃ cakṣuṣaiva gṛhyeta netareṇendriyeṇa, śabdaḥ śrotreṇaiva netareṇendriyeṇeti | satyam | indriyeṇa ced gṛhyeta tadā tathaiva, cittena cet nāyaṃ niyamaḥ | nanu mano nāmāntaramindriyaṃ bāhyendriya dvāreṇaivārthe pravartetetyanullaṅghanīyo niyamaḥ | maivam | na mano nāmendriyaṃ kiñcidānantaraṃ, manaścittaṃ buddhirvijñānamityanarthāntaram | pratisattvaṃ bhinnā cittadhārā'nuvartate, sarva ca rāgādivividhamalāvilā bhavati, āvidyaṃ ca malajālamāgantukam | nairātymabhāvanayā cāpacīyate, caturāryabhāvanayā ca bhavati prakarṣaḥ, yathā yathā nairātmyabhāvanayā'pacīyante rāgādayo malāstathā tathā caturāryabhavanayā ca prakarṣaṃ gatayā pravardhate prajñā, anekabhavānusyūtasādaranirantarāryasatyabhāvanayā kāṣṭāṃ gatayā yogalakṣaṇayā bhavati caturṇāmapyāryasatyānāmaparokṣam, yogajamapi hi pratyakṣam, sphuṭāvabhāsatvāt | indriyārthasvabhāvaniyamastvaindriyake nāparokṣamātre | caturāryāparokṣeṇa bhavati sarvajñaḥ | sādaranirantarābhyāsāt prajñāprakarṣo bhatītyatra tu bhavatyayaṃ prayogaḥ--'yo yaḥ sādare' tyādi riti |

yathā yuvatyākāraḥ kāminaḥ puruṣasyeti | sphuṭāvabhāsayogya iti śeṣaḥ | kāmicittaṃ bhavati kāmyamānākāram, tasmāt kāmyamānayuvatyākāraścittasya guṇo bhavati, so'yaṃ kāmicittaguṇabhūto yuvatyākāraḥ sādaranirantaradīrghakālābhyāsasahitaḥ sphuṭībhāvayogyo bhavati (sphuṭāvabhāso bhavati) tathā vivekinaścittaṃ vibhāvyamānacaturāryasatyākāraṃ bhavatīti so'yaṃ caturāryasatyākāraścetoguṇabhūtaḥ sādaranirantaradīrghakālābhyāsasahitaḥ sphuṭāvabhāsayogyo bhavati, sphuṭāvabhāse ca tadaparokṣataḥ sarvajño bhavatīti |

kāni caturāryasatyāni? duḥkhaṃ samudayo nirodho mārgaśceti | rūpaskandho vedanāskandhaḥ saṃjñāskandhaḥ saṃskāraskandho vijñānaskandha iti tadetat skandhapañcakaṃ duḥkha mucyate | yenāsya skandhapañcakasya samudayaḥ so'yaṃ samudayaḥ, yo nirodho duḥkhasya sa nirodhaḥ, nirodhasyāsya yat dvāraṃ sa mārga ucyate |

hetordūṣaṇatrayarahitatāmupapādayaṃstatrāśrayāsiddhihetvasiddhirāhityamupapādayati na tāvadāśrayadvāreṇeti |

dharmiṇām--āśrayāṇāṃ pakṣatayā nirdiṣṭānām | te hi saṅkalpapathamārūḍhā duḥkhādyāryacatuṣṭayākārāḥ pratyātmaṃ cetastale prakāśanta eveti nāśrayāsiddhiḥ | cetoguṇamātrasyeti | mātraśabdaḥ kṛṣnārthaḥ | cittasyālambanākāratayā ālambanamātraṃ cittākāra eveti te cetoguṇāḥ pratyātmaṃ prakāśanta eveti na hetvasiddhiḥ | dharmiṇi ca sādara nirantaradīrghakālābhyāsaviśiṣṭacetoguṇatāyāḥ saṃbhavena pakṣadharmatā na nopapadyate |

nacaiṣa viruddha iti | kāminyākāre--kāmini citte yogyaṃ yuvatyākārastasmin, kāminyā yuvatyā ākāre kāminā'nudhyāyamāne iti vā | virodho hi sādhyābhāvena cedvyāpto hetuḥ, na ceha tathā, sādaranirantaradīrghakālābhyāsaviśiṣṭā ye ye cetoguṇā yuvatyākārādayaste sarve'pi sphūṭāvabhāsayogyā eva na tu sarva te sphuṭāvabhāsāyogyāḥ | nanu sādaranirantaradīrdhakālābhyāsaviśiṣṭeṣu katipayacetoguṇeṣu sphuṭāvabhāsayoghyatvadarśane'pi sarveṣāṃ tathātve ko niyamaḥ, tasmādanaikāntiko'yaṃ heturiti śaṅkā vārayannāha--nacānaikāntika iti | na vayaṃ sahacāradarśanamātreṇa vyāptiṃ brūmaḥ, kintu kāyakāraṇabhāvāt pratibandhādityāha--abhyāsetyādinā | kāryakāraṇabhāvo vā kathametayoḥ siddhyatītyatrāha--pratyakṣānupalambhata iti | pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāmityarthaḥ | kāryakāraṇabhāvastvanvayavyatirekasacārābhyāṃ siddhyati, tatrānvayasahacāraḥ pratyakṣagamyaḥ, vyatirekasahacāro'nupalambhagamyaḥ, itthaṃ ca sarvopasaṃhāreṇa pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṃ tayoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ siddhyantīti kāryakāraṇabhāvalakṣaṇāt pratibandhādhvayāptisiddhiriti bhāvaḥ | prakṛte pratyaksānupalambhāvupapādayati--tathāhīti | kāmyantarvarttini--kāmicittāntarvattini | trividhapratyakṣānupalambhasādhya iti | pratyakṣaṃ anupalaṃbhaścetyanayoḥ samāhāraḥ pratyakṣānupalambhaṃ, anupalabdhiḥ sphuṭābhatvasyetīyamekā'nupalabdhiḥ, pascādabhyasasaṃvedanaṃ sphuṭabasasaṃvedanaṃ ceti pratyakṣadvayaṃ, tairetaistribhiḥ prakāraryuktaḥ pratyakṣānupalambhasamudāyaḥ, tatsādhyaḥ kāryakāraṇabhāva ityarthaḥ | idamatrāvedyate--yathā paścādabhyāsasaṃvedanaṃ sphuṭābhasaṃvedanaṃ ceti pratyakṣadvayam tathā pūrvamabhyāsaviśiṣṭacetoguṇānupalambhaḥ sphuṭāvabhāsānupalambhaścetyanupalambhadvayaṃ kiṃ na syāt, vastutastu svetarayāvatkāraṇfsamavadhāne satyapi yasminna sati kāryānupalambha ityeko'nupalambhaḥ, sati tu yasmin kāryopalambha iti pratyakṣamekam, itthaṃ ca pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṃ kāryakāraṇabhāvāvadhāraṇamiti tu yuktam | evaṃ sthite kāraṇopalambhaṃ kāryopalambhaṃ ca pṛthak gaṇayitvā pratyakṣadvayaṃ cet saṃpādyeta kāraṇānupalambhaṃ kāryānupalambhaṃ ca pṛthaggaṇayitvā'nupalambhadvayāśrayaṇena cāturvidhyaṃ kiṃ na syāt | anayaivāśaṅkayā pūrvaṃ 'kāryahetordhūmādervahnyādinā mahānasādau dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi trividhapratyakṣānupalambhena pañcavidhapratyakṣānupalambhato ve' tyetadvākyaṃ prakārāntareṇonnītam | nibandhakārasya tu hārdamiha paśyatāṃ naḥ pūrvavyākhyānaṃ nibandhakarturhārdaṃ nānusaratīti |

śaṅkate nanviti | caturāryasākṣātkāritvasiddhāvapi na sarvasākṣātkaritvaṃ saṃbhavati atha kathaṃ sarvajñatāsiddhiriti śaṅkiturāśayaḥ yadyapi catuṣvāryasatyeṣvanangargato naiko'pi bhāvaḥ | athāpi sarvajñatāṃ vyaktaṃ prasādhayan śaṅkate--aśeṣeṇeti | sākalyenetyarthaḥ | sarvadharmeti | dharmaśabdo bhāvamātravacanaḥ, kāryakāraṇabhāvāpannaṃ yadbījāṅkurādi yacca citta caittaṃ sa dharma iti paribhāṣyate |

yatpramāṇasaṃvādīti | pramāṇasaṃvādiniścitārthavacanatvaṃ hetuḥ, tadarthasākṣātkārapūrvakatvaṃ sādhyam | sākṣātkārijñānamiti | sākṣātkāri yad jñānamityarthaḥ | sākṣāt pāramparyeṇaveti | sākṣātkārapūrvakatvaṃ sākṣāt pāramparyeṇa vetyarthaḥ | agnerdāhakatvaṃ svayaṃ sākṣātkṛtya procyamāne sākṣāt, tathāvidhajñānapūrvakatvaṃ svayamananubhūya sākṣātkarturvacane prāmāṇyamanu prayujyamāne paramparayā, tathā sugatānuyāyināṃ 'kṣāṇikaḥ sarva eva saṃskārā' ityasmin vacane ca | kāryaheturiti | uktavacanasyoktasākṣātkārakāryatvāt |

hetorisiddhyādidūṣaṇatrarāhityamupapādayati nāsyāsiddhirityādinā | sarvadharmakṣaṇabhaṅgaprasādhanādasya vacanasyeti | kṣāṇabhaṅgo hi sarvadharmāṇāṃ svabhāvaḥ tadarthāvabodhakatayā cāsya vākyasya pramāṇasaṃvādiniścitārthāvabodhatvarūpahetornāsiddhiriti bhāvaḥ | pramāṇaniścitārthakatvasya hetuviśeṣaṇasya prayojanaṃ prakāśayannanaikāntikatāṃ vārayati--vacanamātrasya saṃśayapiparyāsapūrvakatve'pīti | pramāṇaniścitārthasyeti | pramāṇena niścito'rtho yasya tasya vākyasyetyarthaḥ | nanvanayorvyāpau kiṃ pramāṇam, tatrāha--pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāmiti | pramāṇasaṃvādivacanaṃ hi svārthasākṣātkārakāryam, kāraṇe sati kāryopalambhaḥ, asati kāraṇe kāryānupalambha iti pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṃ kāryakāraṇavyorvyāptirnirābādhā gṛhyata eveti bhāvaḥ, tatrāpi cedāśaṅkā, kāryahetumātrocchedaprasaṅga ityāha anyatheti |

atrāyaṃ sarvajñasamarthanasaṅgrahaḥ | prakāśitapūrvaścāsmābhiranyatra--

pramāṇānāṃ nivṛttyā tu prameyaṃ na nivartate |
avyāpakanivṛttyā syānnāvyāpyasya nivartanam |
sā pramāṇanivṛttiśca kvacid dṛṣṭā na sādhanam |
sarvapramātṛsandohe taddṛṣṭistu mudurgrahā |
sarvajñe bādhakaṃ nāpi pramāṇamupalabhyate |
ye nāma bodhisattvāḥ syuḥ prakṛtyaiva kṛpāmayāḥ |
aśeṣadharmanairātmyabhāvanābhyāsapāṭavāt |
vyapetasarvāvaraṇā rāgādimalavarjitāḥ |
prajñāprakarṣayogena sārvajñyaṃ samupāgatāḥ |
kṛpāprakaṣayogena sarvasattvoddidḥirṣayā |
āsaṃsāraṃ vartamānāḥ svacchaspaṭikanirmalāḥ |
doṣavātairaprakampyāste buddhā jagato hitāḥ || iti

bhavapraramparāsiddhaye tu kiṃ pramāṇamiti | kiṃ śabdaḥ pratikṣepe--pramāṇa nāstītyarthaḥ lokāyata tānuyāyinaḥ seyamāśaṅkā | anyestadapratikṣepāt | ayamabhiprāyaḥ--astu nāma ye sthiramātmānamabhyupacchanti teṣāṃ kathamapi punarbhavapratyāśā | sarvasya kṣaṇikatāṃ vadataḥ kathaṃ punarbhavakathā ghaṭeteti | pratividhatte--ucyate ityādinā | kṣaṇabhaṅgavādibhirasmābhirapyahaṃpratyayāspadabhūtā vijñānadhārā pratisattvaṃ bhinnā'nuvartata eva bhave bhava ityabhyupagataṃ nāma, pūrvapūrvacittasyaiva svabhāva uttarottaraṃ cittaṃ janayatīti, tasmāt maraṇakālabhāvicittasyāpi cittāntarotpādakatvamastyeva | atrāyaṃ prayoto bhavatītyāśayenāha--yaccittaṃ taccittāntaraṃ pratisandhatte iti | utpādayatītyetat | ayaṃ cotpādyotpādakabhāva ekasantānānvayinoreva pūrvāparacittayoḥ | maraṇakālabhāvi cittaṃ pakṣaḥ, cittāntarotpādakatvaṃ sādhyaṃ cittatvaḥ hetuḥ | idānīntanacittaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ |

na cārhaccaramacittena vyabhicāra iti | arhatāmapagatarāgādīnāṃ caramaṃ cittaṃ cittāntaraṃ notpādayatīti saugaterapīṣyata iti tasmiṃścitte vyabhicāra iti bhāvaḥ |

imāmanaikāntikāśaṅkāṃ pariharati--tasyāgamamātrapratītatvāditi | ayamāśayaḥ--parakīyāgamaikasiddhenārhaccaramacittenāṃnaikāntikāśaṅkā parāgamasyāprāmāṇyaṃ vadatā nodbhāvyā, paramatābhupagamena cedabhyupagamyatāṃ tathaiva punarbhavo'pīti | niṣkleśacittāntarajananādveti | ayamāśayaḥ--na saugatānāṃ sarveṣāmabhimatametat arhato bhavati caramaṃ cittaṃ, yaccintāntaraṃ notpādayateti, kecit kathayanti nāmaivam | vastutasteṣāmapi vītarāgāṇāṃ vyapetasakalāvidyāmūlāṇāṃ kleśādimalairanāliptā vimalā cittasantatiranuvartata eveti nānaikāntikapralaṅga iti | uktaṃ ca śāntarakṣitena--

kṣīṇāsravasya vijñānamasandhānaṃ kuto bhavet |
parakīyakṛtāntāccenna, prāmāṇyāparigrahat ||
ye ceha sudhiyaḥ kecidapratiṣṭhitanirvṛtīn |
jināṃ stadyānaniṣṭatvaṃ yānayośca pracakṣate ||
tān pratyayamasiddhaśca sādhyadharmasamanvitaḥ |
dṛṣṭāntaḥ prativādīṣṭasiddhāntāśrayaṇe'pi te ||
iti (tattvasaṃ. 538-539)

kamalaśīlena cetthaṃ vyākhyātam--'kutaḥ prasiddhamarhatāṃ na cittāntaraṃ pratisandhatte maraṇacittamiti, athā'pi syāt parakīye bauddhasiddhānte paṭhyate kṣīṇā me jātiruṣitaṃ brahmacaryaṃ kṛtaṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparamasmāt bhavaṃ prajānāmīti, ataḥ siddhamasādhanamiti, tadetadayuktaṃ' parakīyasya siddhāntasya prāmāṇyenāparigrahāt, kathaṃ tathā'prāmāṇyena parigṛhītānniścayaḥ, paralokasyāpi niścayaprasaṅgāt | x x x x parasiddhāntāśrayaṇenāpi kāṃścid bauddhān prati sādhyadharmasamanvito na siddho dṛṣṭānta iti darśayannāha--yeceha sudhiya itī'ti (tattvasaṃ. pañci. 538-539)

tuṣyatvitināyenāha--hetorvā kleśe satīti viśeṣaṇāpekṣaṇāditi | rāgādimalakaluṣitacittatvasya hetutetyarthaḥ | arhanmaraṇacittaṃ tu na tathāvidhamiti nānaikāntikateti bhāvaḥ | tathācoktaṃ śāntarakṣitena--

maraṇakṣaṇavijñānaṃ svopādeyodayakṣamam |
rāgiṇo hīnasaṅgatvātpūrvavijñānavattathā ||
iti (tattvasaṃ. 535)

vyākhyātaṃ caitat 'yatsarāgaṃ cittaṃ tatsvopādeyacittāntarodayasamartham, sarāgatvātpūrmacittavat sarāgaṃ cedaṃ maraṇacitta'miti |

maraṇakālabhāvicittasya cittāntarotpādatvaṃ prasādhya janmakālabhāvinaścittasya svodayahetubhūtacittapūrvakatvaṃ prasādhayannāha--ihetyādinā pūrvottarabhavadvayasamarthanena anekabhavānvayo dṛḍhīkṛto bhavati | bhāvibhavasādkhalohetuḥ svabhāvahetuḥ, bhūtabhavasādhakastvayaṃ kāryaṃheturityāi--kāryaheturiti |

nanu pratisattvaṃ vijñānadhārā pravahati sācānekabhavānuvartinī, sarvajñāśca bahavo buddhāḥ ityādibhedavarṇanaṃ kathaṃ ghaṭate, śūnyameva tu tattvamiṣṭam, śūnyatādṛṣṭireva tu muktiriti ca tāttvikī sthitirityāśayena śaṅkate--nanuceti | śaṅkātannirasanamukhena vaibhāṣikādimatabhedamavatārayati nāma | sattvān--lokān | sarvaṃ evāvidyāvaśāt sthiravividhabhāvavāsanākaluṣitacetasaḥ sapadi śreyaḥpathe nāvatārayituṃ śakyante, tānetānadvaye naiḥśrayasapathe'vatārayatā bhagavatā karuṇārdracittena bhūtārthatayedamuktamiti | ayamāśayaḥ--avidyayā''veṣṭitān dṛṣtamātreṣu avicārya tattattvamidamidamiti dhāvato'narthaṃ nipatato lokān śūnyatādṛṣṭau sapadyāvatārayitumaśakyatayā yadidaṃdṛśyate tadetat skandhāyatanādi, sarvaṃ kṣaṇikaṃ na sthiramekamiti kṣaṇikatvopadeśaḥ prathamataḥ pravṛtto bhagavanaḥ, tataśca tān jñānajñeyabhedavāsanākaluṣpitān tato'vatārayituṃ vijñānamātropadeśaḥ, tato vijñānādvaitatadṛṣṭeravatārya śūnyatādṛṣṭau naiḥśreyasaikāntāyāṃ lokānvartayituṃ sarvaṃ śūnyamiti sarvaṃśūnyatopadeśaḥ | tadevaṃ sāṃvṛtāsāṃvṛtabhedamāśritya kṣaṇikaṃ kṣaṇikaṃ vijñānaṃ vijñānaṃ śūnyaṃ śūnyamiticopadeśabhedaḥ pravṛtta iti | tathācoktam--lokāvataraṇārthaṃ ca bhāvā nāthena deśitāḥ | iti |

vineyajanāvataraṇāya pravṛttamupadeśabhedamavalabhya saugateṣu matabhedaḥ pravṛttaḥ sa ca vaibhāṣikādibhedādbhinnaḥ | tān bhedānnirūpannāha--tathāhītyādinā | ākāśaṃ dvau nirodhau ceti | dividhaṃ vastu--saṃskṛtamasaṃskṛtaṃ ca, tatrāsaṃskṛtamākāśaṃ dvau ca nirodhau--pratisaṅkhyanirodho'prisaṅkhyānirodhaśceti | saṃskritaṃ sarvaṃ tu kṣaṇikamiti bhāvaḥ |

atha sautrāntikānāṃ matamāha--sautrāntikānāṃ matamiti | na bāhyo'rtha iti | nīlādirbāhyo'rtho na pratibhāti, asti tu bāhyo'rthaḥ, sa ca na dṛggocaraḥ, yadidaṃ nīlamitibhāsate, saṅkrāntabāhyākāraṃ jñānameva tu taditi bhāvaḥ | jñānānumeyabāhyārthavādina ete | svākārabuddhijanakā iti | dṛśyāḥ--dṛśyatayā'bhimātāḥ--bāhyā ityetata | nīlādayo bāhyārthaḥ svākāraṃ buddhau samarpya svayaṃ najyanti, prakāśate tu jñānameva, jaḍasya prakāśāyogāditi | yadi saṃvedyata iti | nīlādi yadi saṃvedyate--vittau prakāśate, tarhi prakāśasvabhāvatayā tadapi cittavadābhyantarameveti kathaṃ tad bāhyamucyate | ayamarthaḥ -- nīlamiti yatprakāśate taktimiti vaktavyam | cakṣuḥpathe yannipatitaṃ tasya ca cittasya ca kaḥ saṃbandhaḥ yaccittena gṛhyeta, vastuni nayanapathamupagatamātre bhavati nīlamityavabhāsaḥ, sa ca cittasyaiva prakāśaḥ, ato gamyate nīlākārāvabhāsaścittasyaiveti | na cet saṃvedyate--yadā ca na saṃvedyate, nayanapathasaṃnikṛṣṭamanu jāyamānena na viṣayī kriyate, atha kathaṃ tasya bāhyatābahirindriya janyapratyakṣagocaratā | tathā ca bāhyānāmapratyakṣatvaṃ siddhamiti |

yadi bāhyo'rthaḥ pratyakṣapramāṇena na gṛhyate tarhi tasmin pramāṇābhāvād vijñānamātrameva vastvitīṣyatām, ityāśayena śaṅkate--nanu yadīti | pariharati--vyatirekata iti | jñānādarthasya nīlādervyatirekāt | vyatireke kāraṇamāha--nahītyādinā | nacaitaditi | etat -- uttarottaracitte pūrvapūrvacittato nirantaramanuvartamāne'pi kvacideva deśe kvacideva samaye nīlāvabhāso nānyadā nānyatretyetat | svopādānapūrvapūrvacittabalamātrabhāvitye na yujyate | samanantarapratyayavyatiriktamiti | samanantarapūrvapratyayavyatiriktamityarthaḥ |

evaṃ vaibhāṣikasautrāntikābhittaṃ bāhyāstitvapakṣaṃ nirūpya, atha yogācāramataṃ vijñānamātrāstitvapakṣaṃ nirūpayan bāhyastitvavādaṃ vikalpya dūṣayati--kaḥ punarasāṃ bāhyo'rthaṃ iti |

kimavayavī, kiṃ vā paraidravyāśritvenābhimatā guṇādayaḥ, kiṃ vā navavidhaṃ dravyaṃ kiṃ vā paramāṇava iti vikalpārthaḥ | yadyapyavayavyādivibhāgo vaibhāṣikasautrāntikāmyāṃ nādriyate athāpi vijñānamātrastitvavādanā bāhyārthamātrasya nirasanīyatayā teṣāmapyupādānam | ante paramāṇūnāṃ niveśaḥ avayavinirasanapūrvakaṃ paramāṇumātrābhyupagamaṃ vaibhāṣikasautrāntikayorviśeṣamabhipretya | prathamaṃ nirdiṣṭo'pyavayavī ata evānte nirasyate, tannirasanasamantaraṃ paramāṇuvāde samavataraṇaṃ samucitamiti |

tatra na tāvadguṇādaya iti | ādiśabdāt kriyādeḥ parigrahaḥ dravaniṣedhanava teṣāṃ niṣiddhatvāditi | kathaṃ dravyaniṣedhenaiva tanniṣedhaḥ āha--na cāsati samavāyini dravye iti | ataeva satyāpi dūṣaṇāntare tannādṛtamatrāsmābhirityāha--dūṣaṇamapi nādrīyata iti | pṛthag dūṣaṇaṃ sadapi nādrīyate ityarthaḥ | dravyasya kathaṃ niṣedhastatrāha--dravyaṃ cetyādinā |

tatrātmaniṣedhāyadamapi sādhanamiti pūrvamevātmanirasanaṃ kṛtam, idamapi tannirasanasādhanamityapiśabdena gamyate | yat kādācika jñānamiti | idaṃ ca vyāptinidarśakamudāharaṇavākyam | kādācitkajñānatvaṃ hetuḥ, kādācitkakāraṇapūrvakatvaṃ sādhyam, vyāptāvudāharaṇaṃ saudāminījñānavaditi | kādācitkaṃ cedamahaṅkārajñānamiti pakṣadharmatopapādaka mupanayavākyam | anenāhaṃgrahahetubhūtasyāhamarthasya kādācitkatvasiddhyā ātmā nityo'stītyetannirastaṃ bhavatīti bhāvaḥ | asiddhyādidoṣatrayarahitatāṃ hetornirūpayati--nāyamasiddha ityādinā | ahaṅkāre dharmiṇīti | ahaṅkāre--ahaṃgrahe dharmiṇi--pakṣe | hetorviśeṣyāṃśāsiddhiṃ vāriyitvā viśeṣaṇāṃśāsiddhiṃ vārayati--nāpi kādācitketi | sapakṣe--saudāminījñāne | pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṃ vyāptisiddheriti | saudāminī kṣaṇamāvirbhūya tiṃrobhavati tāmanu tadjñānamapīti pratyakṣam | saudāminyāḥ prāk paścācca na tajjñānopalambha ityanupalambhaḥ |

kādācitkajñānasyacākādacitkakāraṇādutpattāvityādi | kādācitkasyāpi jñānasya syādakādācitko'pyarthaḥ kāraṇam, iti cet, tathāsati kadā'pi kādācitkādarthānna syāt, kāraṇasyākādācikatvābhyupagamāt | nanu akādacitkādapi syāt kādācitkādapīti cet tarhi aniyatakāraṇatāpatteṃrahetukataivāpataditi bhāvaḥ |

tathā'pyanaikāntikatva iti | saudāminyāṃ tadjñāne ca pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṃ sādhyahetvoḥ sāhacaryaniyame satyapyanyatrānaikāntikataivetyāśayaḥ | prasiddhadhūmāḍhirapīti | mahānasādau vahnidhūmayoḥ sāhacaryaniyame satyapi, anyatra vinaiva vahniṃ dhūmaḥ kiṃ na svādityanaikāntikatāśaṅkā tatrāpi prasajediti bhāvaḥ |

apicetyādi | kāraṇamamartho'kācitkaḥ, kāryastvahaṃgrahaḥ kādācitka ityetannopapadyate, kāraṇasya kāryajanasamartharaya nityātvena sarvadaivāhaṃgraho'pyutpadyeti | kāraṇasya kuvadrapatvāt--kāryaniṣpādanasāmarthyena kāraṇaṃ kāryarupaṃ kurvadeva syāt, akarotkāryaṃ kariṣyatīti veti naiveti bhāvaḥ | kāryamakurvato'pi tiṣṭhatastu kāraṇatvamaupacārikamevāpatet | ekameva kurvadapi bhavet, akurvadapi bhavediti vyāhataṃ, tayorbhedaniyamāt abhede tu svabhāvaikyena kurvato'pyakurvato'pi syādeva kāryotpattiritiṃ bhāvaḥ |

kiñcāhaṅkārasyeti | akādācitkasyaivātmanaḥ kādācitkāhaṃgrahotpādakatve ekena tena kramādyāvanto'haṃgrahā utpādyante te sarve yugapadutpadyeran | karaṇasya jāgarūkatvāt na ca sāmagrīvaikalyam | sāmarthye kathaṃ sāmagrīvaikalyam, kāraṇāntarasāpekṣetve tu naiva sāmarthyamiti bhāvaḥ | nanvātmāhaṃgrahahasyālambanamātram, anyadeva tu kāraṇamityāśaṅkāmanūdya nirasyati--nanvahaṃkārasyetyādinā | kāraṇatātonātiricyate ālaṃbanateti bhāvaḥ |

evaṃ parābhimata ātmā nirastaḥ | athākāśaṃ nirasyati--atha kimākāśamityādinā | ayamāśayaḥ--saugataikadeśino vaibhāṣikā ākāśaṃ vastviti manyate, vastu vā tadavastu veti vicārayanto vayamavastveveti brūmaḥ--vastunā hyarthakriyāsamarthena bhāvyam, anyathātvavastveva tat, nacākāśena bhavati kā'pyarthakriyā | nanu--avakāśapradānalakṣaṇārthakriyāsāmarthyamasti tasyeti cenna | yatra sapratighaṃ vastu ghaṭapaṭādyasti, tatra sadapyākāśaṃ nāvakāśādhāne prabhavati, atha teṣu sapratigheṣvasatsu teṣāmabhāvādevāvakāśaḥ siddha iti kimākāśena, sapratighavastuvirahānnacātiricyate kaścidavakāśa iti | tadekaṃ bibhunityamākāśamityanupapannam | ghaṭādivadapasaraṇopasaraṇbhyupagame paricchedāpattiḥ | sapratighavastusaṃnidhānāsannidhānābhyāṃ nāśotpādābhyupagame tu nityaikatā vyāhanyeteti |

atha vaiśeṣikabhimatākāśasamarthanaprakāraṃ nirasyati--paraistvityādinā | samānadaśatvāt sarvaśabdānāmiti | nityamekaṃ vibhumākāśamicchatāṃ śabdasya tadāśrayatāṃ ca svīkurvatāṃ jāyamānasya sarvasya śabdasyākāśa eva deśa iti asya śabdasyāyaṃ deśaḥ tasya tu sa deśa iti deśavibhāgasya vaktumaśakyatayā deśavibhāgena śabdaśravaṇaṃ nopapadyeta, yaḥ śrotrākāśa ucyate sa cākāśānnatiricyate iti nāyaṃ śrotrākāśasya saṃnihitaḥ śabdaḥ ayameva tu sannihita ityāśrayākāśe pradeśabhedakalpanasyānupapannatvāt sarva eva śabdāḥ śrūyeran, yadi vyavahito na śrūyeta, tarhi tadanyaḥ sannihitoṃ ya ucyate so'pi na śrūyeta, deśabhedasya durvacatvāt | yadi śrūyeran sarvaṃ eva śrūyeran na cennaikopīti bhāvaḥ | tadidaṃ dūṣaṇaṃ śabdasya kramotpattyanupapatteṃrapyupalakṣakam |

uktaṃ ca kamalaśīlena --'yadi hi nityaikanabhodravyasamavetā amī syuḥ, tadā sakṛdutpannānekaśabdavat atatkālā api śabdā abhimatakāla eva syuḥ | avikalakāraṇatvāt, ekāśrayatvācca | na ca nityasya parāpekṣā'tī'ti | (tatvasaṃ. paṃ. pa. 208)

dikkālayoścakatvāditi | diśa ekatvābhyupagamāt kālasya caikatvābhyupagamādityarthaḥ | nityatvavibhutvābhyupagamasyopalakṣakam | eteneti | ākāśakāladiśāṃ nirasanenaivetyarthaḥ | nirasanayukterekaprakāratvāditi yāvat | yā tu manaḥsādhane parairyuktirnirūpitā tāmanudya nirasyati--yugapadjñānānutpattyetyādinā | ayamāśayaḥ -- yadi mano neṣyeta jñānāṃ cākṣuṣādīnāṃ yaugapadyamāpadyeta | ātmano vibhoścakṣurādīndriyaiḥ saha sadaiva saṃbhavāt karatalasannihitasya kusumādeścakṣuḥspārśanādīndriyasaṃprayogasya yugapat saṃbhavāt | manasi cendriye'bhyupagamyamāne'ṇostasya yugapadanekendriyasaṃyogasyāsaṃbhavād indriyamanaḥsaṃyogasyāpi pratyakṣe hetutayā na jñānānāṃ yaugapadyaprasaṅga iti vaiśeṣikā manyante | atrocyateha -- jñānānāṃ yaugapadyaṃ netyetallokānubhavaviruddham | nartakīṃ paśyanto hi tasyā rūpaṃ gānaṃ ca yugapadeva sākṣātkurvantaḥ kamapyahlādamanubhavanti, manaśvedaṇu kimapīndriyamiṣyeta, lokānubhavasiddhasya jñānayaugapadyasya vyāvatireva syāttannāstyeva parābhimataṃ manaḥ, iti mano na jñānādanyat | cittaṃ gano jñānamityanarthāntaramityasakṛduktam

kiñca--

jñānānāṃ yaugapadye'pi lokasiddhe dviṣannayam |
prakalpayanmano nityamiṣṭahāniṃ na paśyati ||
kāraṇasya tu nityatve kārye kramikatā katham |
nānyāpekṣā samarthasya nāsamarthasya hetutā |
ayaugapadyaṃ jñānānāṃ naiva siddhyedabhīpsitam |

uktaṃ ca śāntarakṣitena --

'nitye tu manasi prāptāḥ pratyayā yaugapadyataḥ |
tena heruriha prokto bhavatīṣṭavighātakṛt' ||
iti (tattva. 209)

pṛthivyādayo'vaśiṣyanta iti | nirasanīyā iti yāvat | avayaviparamāṇubhedena dvividhā iti | dvyaṇukādayo'vavinaḥ, tadārambhakāśca paramāṇavaḥ | anupalambho bādhaka iti | avayavebhyo'tiriktasyāvayavinaḥpaṭāderanupalambhastadaṅgīkāre bādhakaṃ pramāṇam | yadi syādupalabhyeta nopalabhyatetu paṭo nāma kaścittaṃttubhyonyaḥ, tathā kapālābhyaṃ bhinno ghaṭaḥ; evaṃ tantukapālādayopīti bhāvaḥ | atrāyaṃ prayogaḥ--yadupalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaṃ sadyatra nopalabhyate na tattatrāsti, yathā kvacitpradeśaviśeṣe ghaṭadiranupalabhyamānaḥ, nopalabhyatecāvayavebhyo'rthāntarabhūtastatraiva deśe, upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaścābhimato'vayavī'ti |

nanūpalabhyate ghaṭo'yameka itityāśaṅkate--yadyavayavī nāstīti | ekatveneti ekatvaṃ hi bhāsamānamavayavinamatiriktameva gamayati | anyathā'ṇuṣu pratīyamāneṣu tadananvayāt | āptavacanopanyāsamukhena śaṅkāṃ pariharati--bhāgā eva hīti | yaścāyamatiriktāvayavivādināṃ vyavahāraḥ--ayamavayavī paṭaḥ, asya bhāgā aṃśā ime tantavaḥ, taiścāyaṃ bhāgavāniti, nadanurodhena nirdeśo bhāgā iti | bhāgā eva bhāsante cākṣuṣe, na tu tebhyo'nyoṃ bhāgavān--bhāgairārabdhaḥ, syavaṃ nirbhāgaḥ--akhaṇḍaḥ kaścitū pratīyate ityarthaḥ |

bhāgā eva hi bhāsanta ityetat praśnaprativacanamukhena vyācaṣṭe nanu ko'yamityadinā | sañcitaparamāṇupratibhāsaeveti | puñjībhūtaparamāṇupratibhāsa evetyarthaḥ | nānādigdeśāvaṣṭambhena bahavaḥ paramāṇavaḥ ekasmin sthale pūrvapaścimadakṣiṇottarordhvādholakṣaṇanānādigdeśāvaṣṭambhena sthitāḥ puṃjībhūtā ucyante

śaṅkate--yadyevamiti | vacanasya hārdamajānataḥ śaṅkeyam | ajñānamevopapādayati--arthasya svarūpeṇa nāsti vedanamityādinā | arthasya--sthūlādeḥ svarūpeṇa--arthātmanā nāsti vedanam, kintu vittirevārthātmanā bhāsate iti | tatra vacanamāha--bhāktaṃ syādarthavedanamiti | arthasya vedanamityetadbhāktaṃ syāditi bhāvaḥ | sthūlapratibhāsasyānyathāsiddhimāha--tasmāditi | sthūlāvabhāso bhrama ityuktaṃ bhavati | evameva tu bhadantaśubhagupto manyate, anūdyate ca śāntarakṣitena--

'tulyāparakṣaṇotpādādayathā nityatvavibhramaḥ |
avicchinnasajātīyagrahe cetsthūlavibhramaḥ |'
iti (tattva. 552)

nanu--avayavino'nabhyupagame sthūlo'yaṃ nīlo'yamiti cākṣuṣaṃ kathamupapadyate, tatrāha--ye'pi tadārambhakāḥ paramāṇo vaiśeṣikāṇāmiti | tadārambhakatvena vaiśeṣikairabhimatā ityarthaḥ | sāksādakṣigocarā vaibhāṣikāṇāṃ darśana iti | bāhyārthamātranirasane pravṛttānāṃ paraṃāṇūnāṃ dṛśyatvasamarthanaṃ sākṣānnātyantamapekṣitam | avayavisamarthanāya pravṛttaṃ prati prativaktavye sayūthyānāṃ matenedamucyate iti bhāvaḥ | vaibhāṣikebhyaḥ sautrāntikānāṃ viśeṣamāha svākārasamarpaṇeti | atha bāhyārthānnirasyannāha--te'pi yogācārāṇāṃ mate na santīti | na khalveka iti | ayamāśayaḥ -- pratyekaṃ bhinnabhinnāḥ paramāṇavo'saṅkhyātāḥ puñjātmanā|vasthitā dṛśyante, pratyekaṃ svātantryeṇa naiṣāṃ kadācidapi sthitiḥ, saṃhatā evotpadyante saṃhatā eva naśyanti, ataeva puñjāvasthāyāṃ dṛśyamānānāṃ pratyekamavasthitau kuto'dṛśyateti śaṅkāyā nāvakāśaḥ | tathācoktaṃ--

pratyekaparamāṇūnāṃ svātantrye nāsti saṃbhavaḥ |
ato'pi paramāṇūnāmaikaikāpratibhāsanam ||
iti (tattva saṃ. paṃ. pa. 551)

iti bāhyāstitvavādino manyante | atredaṃ vimṛśyate--samuditā eva jāyantāṃ samuditā eva naśyantu, paramatraivaṃ khalu vaktavyam, ayamekaḥ paramāṇurayameko'yamekaḥ samuditāścaite iti | tatredaṃ pṛccāmaḥ--ayamekaḥ paramāṇuriti kathaṃ siddhayet, so'pi vicāryamāṇo naiko bhavitumarhati, kasmāt ? ucyate--yo hi paramāṇuḥ paramāṇumadhyamadhyāste sa caturṣu pārśveṣu adharottaraṃ ca paramāṇubhiḥ sasṛṣṭa iti digbhāgabhedena ṣaḍaṃśatāpattyā naikatāpattiranatilaṅghanīyaiva | sa hi madhyagataḥ paramāṇuḥ pārśve paramāṇau yena svabhāvena saṃsṛjate, na tena svabhāvena ūrdhvādhaḥparamāṇunā saṃsṛjyate, yena svabhāvena ūrdhādhaḥparamaṇubhyāṃ saṃyujyate na tena pārśvaparamāṇau | yadi vinā svabhāvabhedaṃ saṃsṛjyeta, digbhedakṛtabhedasya durnirūpatayā ekadeśatāpatteḥ pracayo na siddhayet | tathāca madhyāvasthitaparamāṇumātraṃ piṇḍaḥ syāt | paramāṇūnāṃ mithaḥ saṃyogopapādanakleśādābhimukhyamātraṃ cet madhyasthaparamāṇunāmiṣyeta, tadā'pyasmāddoṣādanirmokṣā e veti |

prakārāntareṇa dūṣayannāha--atha cāyaṃ vicāra iti | nāpyanekaḥ paramāṇuriti | ayamāśayaḥ -- nanu naikasvabhāvo'yamaṇuḥ, ato naika ityeva brūmaḥ na paramāṇurathāpyaneka iti tryāha tam | kasmāt ?, paramāṇoḥ--paramāṇutayā'bhimatasyānaiḥ saha paramāṇubhiḥ paramāṇuśaḥ--atyantāṇuśaḥ sayogasyāsaṃbhavāt | paramāṇutayā'bhimatasya kathaṃ tato'pyaṇuśaḥ saṃyogaḥ syāt | saṃyogaśca saṃyujyatāmaṃśata eva bhavati, tasmādyadyasau sāṃśaḥ kathaṃ paramāṇurucyate | atha cenniraṃśaḥ saṃyujyate ityutyucyeta sarvataḥ saṃyogāt parasparamabhinnadeśatayā piṇḍaḥ paramāṇūmātra eva syāt | parvataḥ kṣitimātraśca syāditi |

tayoriti | piṇḍaparamāṇvorityarthaḥ | svabhāvānāmiti | paramāṇusvabhāvānāmityarthaḥ | svoktadūṣane āptavacanaṃ saṃvādayati--ṣaṭkena yugapadyogāditi | vyākhyātaprāyametat |

āha cedaṃ śāntarakṣitaḥ --

saṃyuktaṃ dūradeśasthaṃ nairantaryavyavasthitam |
ekāṇvabhimukhaṃ rūpaṃ yadakṣṇormadhyavartinaḥ ||
aṇvantarābhimukhyena tadeva yadi kalpyate ||
pracayo bhūdharādīnāmevaṃ sati na yujyate |
aṇvantarābhimukhyena rūpaṃ cedanyadiṣyate |
kathaṃ nāṃa bhavedekaḥ paramāṇustathāsati |
iti (tatva. 555)

nanu kathamasatyālambane nīlapītādyavabhāsaḥ | kathamasatyarthe svāpnāvabhāsaḥ | nanu vāsanayā | tayaivātrāpi | nanu spne'rthadaurghaṭyam | ihāpi tatsamānam | avicārayatāṃ tvarthasaulabhyam | vicārayatāṃ tu daurghaṭyameva | daurghaṭyaṃ ca nirūpitamityāśayenāha -- yadi bāhyo'rtha ityādinā |

nanu--hanta svāpnajāgarayoraviśeṣaprasaṅgaḥ, ko viśeṣamācaṣṭe, doṣe syānnāma viśeṣaḥ3, svāpnādaviśiṣṭameva tu jāgrajjñānamapi | bhavati cātra prayoga ityāśayenāha -- na ca svāpnajāgradanubhavayorityādinā anālambanādanavāptarūpaviśeṣamiti | anālambanatayā'navāptarūpaviśeṣamityarthaḥ | yathaikasmādākāśakeśadarśanāditi | cākṣuṣadoṣavaśāt dṛśyate nabhasi keśa iva bhraman, tadidamākāśakeśadarśanam | na cākāśaṃ vastu, na vā tatra keśaḥ, tat bāhyālambananirapekṣaḥ ko'pyayaṃ vijñānavilāsa evābhāsaḥ | viśeṣaścāyamanyato bhramādanapohyo'nyairapi | ataevedamudāharaṇamādṛtam | dvitīyamiti | yannabhasi keśadarśanaṃ tasmādanyat dvitīyam |

nanu--asati bāhye'rthe kiṃ tarhi sat bhavataḥ, vijñānamātraṃ tu paramārthasat, ityāha--yadītyādinā | atra prācāṃ saṃvādamāha--yathoktamityādinā | grāhyagrāhakanirmuktam--grahyagrāhakabhāvanirmuktam |

nanvasati grāhyagrāhakabhāve, jñānaṃ kena prakāśyeta ? svenaiva prakāśate | ato nāsya grāhyabhāvo'pītyāha--nānyo'nubhāvyo buddhayā'stītyādi |

atrāyaṃ saṅgrahaḥ--nirūpitaścāsmābhiranyatra--

'seyaṃ vijñānadhārā gaganatalagatālokavat svaprakāśā
nānākārāvabhāsā sphurati bahuvidhā svāpnavadvāsanātaḥ |
grāhyatvagrāhatvadvayarahitatayā jñyaptimātrā'dvitīyā
sūte saiveyamaikā vyavahṛtimakhilāṃ svānyabāhyānapekṣā ||
gṛhṇāti jñānamarthāniti jagati mato grāhakatvasvabhāvaḥ
saṃvṛttyaiva pravṛtto natu viṣayitayā vastutastena śūnyam |
nāpyātmagrāhakaṃ tat paramajāḍatayā svaprakāśaikarūpaṃ
taccāvicchinnadhāraṃ pravahati satataṃ sattvabhedānantam' iti |

vijānānamātravādiṣu kecana vijñānameva vāsanāvaicitryeṇa nīlapītādivividhākāraṃ bhūtvā bhāsate iti, apare tu vastuto nirākārameva tu tat, avidyayā nīlapītādidivividhākāramiva bhāsate, tadvāsanāvaśādavabhāsamāno'pi nīlāpītādyākāraḥ sāṃvṛta eveti | pakṣadvaye'pyasmin grāhyagrāhakabhāvarāhityaṃ vijñānasya saṃpratipannameveti vijñānasvabhāvaparyālocanayā bāhyārthagrāhakatā vijñānasyetyetaddarotsāritamityāha--tatra kecidityādinā |

atha mādhyamikānāṃ matamāha--mādhyamikānāṃ tvityādinā | na cāsya vicārataḥ kaścit svabhāvo ghaṭate eko vā'neko veti | vijñānamātravādīnā paramāṇau bāhyatayā parairabhimate kimayamekasvabhāvaḥ--uta naikasvabhāvaḥ (ekarūpa uta naikarūpaḥ) iti ubhayatrāpyanupapattiruktā seyamanupapattirvijñānamātravāde'pi tulyaivetyāśayaḥ | tadidamupapādayiṣyati | prathamaṃ vijñānasyāpyavāstavattve āptavacanāni saṃvādayati -- yathoktamityādinā |

ekānekasvabhāveneti | vastunā hyekasvabhāvena anekasvabhāvena vā bhāvyam, atathābhūtasya tu vyomāravindavadasattvataiveti bhāvaḥ | bhāvā yena nirūpyante iti bhāvāḥ--bāhyā ābhyantaraśca |

yadā tviti | vikalpasya--savikalpasya niścayātmakasya, anyasya--nāmajātyādikalpanārahitasya pratyakṣasya yadā pramāṇatā nāsti | prāmāṇyaṃ hi tasya vastutve, ekānekasvabhāvarāhityenāvastutvāt kva prāmāṇyāvasaraḥ | atha pramāṇameva yadā vicāryamāṇaṃ viśīryate tadadhīnasadgāvasya sarvaṃsyānyasya kva vastutā, tadevaṃ sarvasmin viśīryamāṇe ko'parādhyatu | bhāvānāṃ śūnyataiva svabhāva iti taulyānnaikasyāpekṣāpāvasaraḥ | nanu ayaṃ baddho'yaṃ mukta iti vyavasthā'pi vyāhanyeta | satyam | iyaṃ vyavasthā'pi saṃvṛttyaiva na paramārthata iti | niḥsvabhāvataiva ca śūnyatā |

uktaṃ caitadanyatrāpi --

'niḥsvabhāvā amī bhāvāstattvataḥ svaparoditāḥ |
ekānekasvabhāvena viyogāt pratibimbavat ||

iti | tarhi kiṃ tattvam--

'na sannāsanna sadasanna cāpyanubhayātmakam |
catuṣkoṭivinirmuktaṃ tattvaṃ mādhyamikā jaguḥ ||'

svabhāvarāhityādbhāvānāmapāramārthye prayogaṃ pradarśayati--prayogaḥ punarevamiti ekānekasvabhāvaṃ na bhavatīti | ekasvabhāvamanekasvabhāvaṃ vā yanna bhavatītyarthaḥ | vyāpakānupalabdhiriti | paramārthasattvasya vyāpakamekasvabhāvānekasvabhāvānyataratvaṃ, tasyānupalabdhiḥ, vyāpakānupalbdhyā vyāpyasya paramārthasattvasya nivṛttiḥ siddhyati | hetoḥ pakṣe sattvamupapādayannasiddhiśaṅkāṃ vārayati--na tāvada siddho hetuṃriti | sākāre vijñāne bahirartha eva ekānekasvabhāvāyogyatvasya parispuṭatvāditi | nīlapītādāvaṇusamudāye bāhyārthatayā iṣyamāṇe aṇurayamekasvabhāvo vā naikasvabhāvo vā ubhayathā'pi nopapadyata iti yo doṣa udbhāvitaḥ, sa vijñānavādino vijñānameva | nīlapītadyākāraṃ sadvabhāsate iti vadato'pi samāna eveti sphuṭameveti bhāvaḥ | sphuṭatāmevopapādayati--yatrahītyādinā | idaṃ nīlamidaṃ pītamiti idantayā loke vyavahriyamāṇo nīlapītādiraṇusamudāyo bāhyo'rtha iti sarvāstitvavādinā iṣyate, vijñānavādinā tu vijñānameva ttattadākāraṃ bahirvadavabhāsata iti vadatā vijñānākāratayā nīlapītādyabhyugataṃ bhavatīti nīlapitādi tu na sarvathā'pohyate, paramābhyantaratvabāhyatvamātre vivādaḥ, tathāca bāhyatve ya ākṣepaḥ sa āntaratve'pi samāna eveti bhāvaḥ | nahi tadbahirbhāvanibandhanaṃ dūṣaṇamiti | nīlapītādervijñānādbahirbhāve na taddūṣaṇatayopanyastam, kintu nīlapītādyabhyugamamātre | tathāca bāhyaṃ vā bhavatu āntaraṃ vā, samāna evāyaṃ doṣa iti bhāvaḥ | nanu bāhyaṃ nīlapītādyabhyupagacchatā mūrtaṃ taditi svīkṛtaṃ bhavati, vijñānamātraṃ taditi vadatāṃ tu tadamūrtaṃ bhavatīti neyaṃ śaṅkā'mūte prasaredityāśaṅkā paraharannāha--mūrtanimittamityādinā | sākāratāyāṃ jñānasyāpi mūrtatvāditi | sākāratve mūrtatā katha mityatrāha--ayameva hi cittānāmākāro mūrtiriti | iṣyamāṇo'yamākāra eva bhavati cittasya mūrttirityarthaḥ |

nirākārajñānamātrapāramārthyavāde tu prakārāntareṇa bhāvamātrasādhāraṇo doṣo vistaraśo nirūpito'nyatra--

'na svato nāpi parato na dvābhyāṃ nāpyahetutaḥ |
utpannā jātu vidyante bhāvāḥ kvacana kecana | mādhyamikakārikā (4)

ityādinā | vistarastatobodhyaḥ |

diṅnāgādinibandhānavahitadṛṣṭyā muhurvibhāvayatā |
parimitamatinā'pi mayā vyākhyeyaṃ vyaraci tarkabhāṣāyāḥ ||
nindantu vā'bhinandantu kṛtimenāṃ vipaścitaḥ |
adoṣadarśī ko nusyāt kṛtirvā doṣavarjitā |
gurjareṣu vasan yo'ṣāvādṛtānekabhūmikaḥ |
nānākṛtikamātmānaṃ parebhyo naṭavad vyadhāt |
padmanābhapadāmbhojasaurabhollāsavāsite |
viṣaye'pi vasanneṣa tāthāgatakṛtiṃ vyadhāt |
anekatantrakāntāre viśato bahuśo mama |
viṣṇuravyāhataḥ panthā hṛdayāmā'pasarpatāt ||

iti tarkabhāṣāvyākhyā samāptā