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Atha prathamaṃ prakaraṇam

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tarkaśāstram|



atha prathamaṃ prakaraṇam|



(śāstramāha) bhavān manyate'smadvacanamanyāyyamiti cedbhavato'pi vacanamanyāyyam| yadi bhavadvacanamanyāyyaṃ, tadāsmadvacanaṃ nyāyyam| yadi [bhavatocyate] bhavadvacanaṃ nyāyyaṃ, paramasmadvacanamanyāyyaṃ tanna yuktam| kiñca yadanyāyyaṃ tadetatsvato nyāyyaṃ, tasmād yadanyāyyaṃ tannāsti| yadi svato 'nyāyyaṃ tadetadanyāyyamasaccaiva, tasmādahamanyāyya[vādī] iti cedbhavatocyate tadayuktam|



anyacca| mama vacanamanyāyyamiti cedbhavatocyate, tato bhavānajña iti spaṣṭam| kuta iti cet| yadanyāyyaṃ tannirābhāsam| vacanaṃ nyāyābhāvādbhinnamabhinnaṃ vā ?| abhinnaṃ cedvacanamapi nāstīti mama vacanamanyāyyamiti bhavatā kathamucyate| atha bhinnaṃ, tato vacanaṃ nyāyyamiti mama vacanamanyāyyamiti kathaṃ bhavatocyate| vacanasvalakṣaṇakhaṇḍanācca| bhavatkhaṇḍanavacanamasmadvacanasya samakālīnamasamakālīnaṃ vā ? samakālīnaṃ cedasmadvacanakhaṇḍane'samarthaṃ, yathā gośṛṅge'śvakarṇau vā parasparaṃ khaṇḍayituṃ na śaknuvataḥ| samakālīnatvāt| asamakālīnañced, bhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ pūrvamasmadvacanaṃ paścāt| athāsmadvacanānuccāraṇāt, kiṃ bhavatā khaṇḍyate ?| tasmābhdavataḥ khaṇḍanamasidvam|



athāsmadvacanaṃ pūrvaṃ, bhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ tu paścād, evaṃ tarhyasmadvacanasidvatvāt kasya khaṇḍanaṃ bhaviṣyati ?| samakālīnañcet, tato'smadvacanaṃ bhavataśca khaṇḍanamityetayoretat khaṇḍanametacca khaṇḍanīyamiti viśeṣo na syāt| yathā nadīsamudravārisaṃyogakāle viśeṣāsambhavaḥ|



aparañca| bhavataḥ khaṇḍanaṃ svakhaṇḍanārthamasvakhaṇḍanārthaṃ vā ? svakhaṇḍanārthañcet, tataḥ svataḥ svārthahīnaṃ bhavedasmadvacananu siddham| asvakhaṇḍanārthañced, asiddham| kuta iti cet, svārthataḥ khaṇḍanāsidveḥ| siddhañcet, svārthahāniḥ parārthasidviśca|



kiñcāsmadvacanamanyāyyamiti ced, vacanameva na bhavet| vacanañcennaivānyāyyam| anyāyyamiti cet, tadvirudvam| yathā kumārī putravatīti| yato yadi kumārī putravatīti na sampadyate| yadi putravatī, tarhi naiva kumārī| kumārīti putravatīti cobhayaṃ virudvam| tasmānmama vacanamanyāyyamiti cedbhavatocyate tadayuktam| etatpunaḥ pratyakṣavirudvam| bhavānasmākaṃ vacanaṃ śrutvā'nyāyyaṃ manyate cet, tattarhi śrutatvātpratyakṣasiddham| pratyakṣaṃ hi balavattaraṃ tasmādbhavadvacanahāniḥ| yathā kaścinmanyeta śrotravijñānataḥ śabdasyānupalabdhiratha śrotravijñānataḥ śabdasyopalabdhiḥ pratyakṣasidveti, tadā pratyakṣasya balavattaratvāttadvacanahāniḥ|



anumānaviruddhaṃ caitat| mama vacanamanumānenopalabhyate cettato nyāyyamiti spaṣṭam| anyāyyaṃ hi vacanaṃ naiva vidyate| yadi vacanamasti tadā nyāyyamiti jñāyate| yathā kaścinmanyeta śabdo'nityo hetumattvāt| yacca hetumattadanityaṃ, yathā ghaṭaḥ| sa hetumattvādanityaḥ| yadi hetumāṃstadā'nityaḥ śabdo, yadi nityo naiva hetumān| ityanityatānumānasidvā| anumānabalānnityatahāniḥ| nyāyyamiti, yadvacanaṃ tannyāyyam| yannyāyyamityanumānasiddhaṃ, tadanyāyyamiti pratiṣidvam| lokavirudvaṃ caitat| yadbhavatoktaṃ mama vacanamanyāyyamiti tallokavirudvam| kasmāditi, loke hi caturvidhanyāyasatvāt| [tathā hi] hetuphalanyāyaḥ sāpekṣanyāyaḥ sādhananyāyastathatānyāyaśca|



hetuphalanyāyaḥ| yathā bījamaṅkuraśca|

sāpekṣanyāyaḥ| yathā dīrghaṃ hrasvaṃ, pitā putraḥ| sādhananyāyaḥ| yathā pañcāvayavavākyaṃ sādhanārtham| tathatānyāyastrividhaḥ| yathā'nātmatathatā'nityatātathatā nirodhatathatā ca| iha loke vacanaṃ phalaṃ, nyāyo heturiti| iha loke yadā phalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ tadā sahetukaṃ jñātam| yadā vacanamupalabdhaṃ, tadā nyāyyaṃ jñātam| yanmama vacanamanyāyyamiti bhavatoktaṃ tallokavirudvam| anyāyyaṃ vacanamityasya nāstyavakāśaḥ|



yad bhavatoktaṃ mama vacanamanyahisaṃvāditvāditi tadidamidānīṃ bhavatā sārdhaṃ vicārya nirdhāryate| yadi kaścidanyadvadettadā tasya doṣaḥ syat| bhidyate bhavataḥ pratijñā'smatpratijñātaḥ| atha tadbhavataḥ svoktam| tadānyaduktam| tasmādbhavāneva doṣamāpadyate| yadi bhavadartho 'smaduktādanyastadānyatvadoṣo bhavata eva na tu mama| yadi nānyat, tarhi matpakṣatulyameva, tena nāstyanyatvam| athocyate mamānyaditi tanmithyā| anyaccānyasmānnānyadityananyatvam| yadyanyadanyasmādanyat, tato'nyanna bhavet| yathā manuṣyo goranyo na gaurbhavati, yadyanyadanyasmādanyat, tadā tadekaṃ bhavet| yadyekaṃ tato nānyat, tatkimucyate mamānyaditi| ataścaitanyāyyamiti| ahaṃ nyāyamavalambya bhavatā vivade| tasmādanyathāhaṃ vadāmi| yadyāvayorbheda eva na syānna tadā bhavatā vivādo'haṃ tu bhavadarthameva vadāmi|



sarvamuktamanyaditi ced, bhavatāpi kiñciduktamiti bhavānapyanyadvadatīti doṣo bhavata eva| yadi bhavato vākyaṃ nānyat, tarhi mamāpi vacanaṃ nānyaditi yad bhavatoktamahamanyadvadāmīti tadayuktam| atha bhavadvacanaṃ mithyaiva| śeṣaṃ pūrvavat| yad (bhavato)ktaṃ mama vacanamasiddhamiti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate| yadi vacanamasiddhaṃ, tadā tadeva vacanamasiddham| yadi vacanasyāsiddhatvaṃ, tadā vacanameva na prāptam| atha vacanaṃ na prāptaṃ, kathaṃ bhavatocyate mayā yaduktaṃ tadasiddhamiti| atha vacanaṃ prāptaṃ tatsidvameva syāt| yadi maduktamasiddhamiti bhavatocyate tadayuktam| yadi sarvaṃ vacanamasiddha, tarhi bhavaduktaṃ mama khaṇdanamapyasiddham| yadi bhavaduktaṃ khaṇḍanamasiddhaṃ na syāt, tarhi mama vacanamapi naivāsiddham| yadi (bhavato)cyate maduktamasiddhaṃ tadayuktam| yadasiddhaṃ tatsvata eva siddham| tasmānnāstyasiddham| yadyasiddha na svataḥ siddhaṃ, tadāsiddhaṃ na syāt| yadi siddhaṃ, nāstyasiddhaṃ, tato yad (bhavato)ktaṃ maduktamasiddhamiti tanniravakāśam| yadi bhavatocyate mama khaṇḍanamananubhāṣaṇameva tadā na mama matasyopalabdhi|

atha nopalabhyate mama mataṃ, tato mama khaṇḍanaṃ kartuṃ na śakyate| tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ)vicārya nirdhāryate| yadi bhavān matkhaṇḍanaṃ nānubhāṣate, tadā bhavān khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ na śaknoti| kiṃ punarmanyate bhavān khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ śakyaṃ, athavā khaṇḍanamanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ śakyam| yadi tāvad (bhavān) ananubhāṣya (khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śaknoti), ahamapyananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śaknuyām| athavā khaṇḍanamanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śakyaṃ, tadā sadaiva khaṇḍanānubhāṣaṇam syāt| kutaḥ ? khaṇḍanātpunaḥ khaṇḍanasyotpannatvāt| tadā khaṇḍanānavasthā| na ca sa kālo vidyate yatra na khaṇḍanānubhāṣaṇam| [ataḥ] yatra khaṇḍanaṃ vaktuṃ śakyate sa kālo nāsti|



aparañca khaṇḍanamiti khaṇḍanānnāma| yadi tatkhaṇḍanānubhāṣaṇānnāma khaṇḍanamiti vaktuṃ śakyate, ananubhāṣya tu khaṇḍanamiti vaktuṃ ja śakyate| tataḥ pūrvakhaṇḍanasya nāma paścādanubhāṣaṇaṃ prāptam| paravartikhaṇḍanaṃ nāma na tāvadanubhāṣaṇaṃ prāpnoti| tṛtīyantu dvitīyasya khaṇḍanasya nāmānubhāṣaṇaṃ prāptam| caturthaṃ tṛtīyasya khaṇḍanasya nāmānubhāṣaṇaṃ prāptam| iti sadānubhāṣaṇādanavasthā| ananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyamiti ced, ananubhāṣyāpi tataḥ prathamaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyam| prathamaṃ khaṇḍanam nāmānanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyamiti cet, dvitīyamapi khaṇḍanaṃ nāmānanubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyate| dvitīyaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāmānanubhāṣya khaṇḍanamiti vaktuṃ śakyata iti cet, prathamaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāmāpyananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyeta| kintu prathamaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāmāvaśyamanubhāṣyam| tasmātkhaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuṃ śakyate| atha dvitīyaṃ khaṇḍanaṃ nāmāpyavaśyamanubhāṣyaṃ, tadā khaṇḍanaṃ nāma vaktuaṃ śakyate natvananubhāṣya vaktavyam|



yadi punaḥ khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya vadet, khaṇḍanasya nigrahasthānāpattiḥ| yadi bhavān svakhaṇḍanaṃ nānubhāṣate, tato bhavaduktakhaṇḍanasya nigrahasthānāpattiḥ| yadi bhavān khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vadet, khaṇḍanaṃ vadaṃśca nigrahasthāne na patet, tadāhamapi khaṇḍanamananubhāṣya khaṇḍanaṃ vadanna nigrāhyaḥ| kiñca yadā bhavadvacanaṃ mama[mataṃ] khaṇḍayati, tadā'hamanubhāṣe| yadā tvahaṃ bhavanmataṃ khaṇḍayāmi tadā bhavānapyanubhāṣate| atha parasparānubhāṣaṇaṃ, na tadā khaṇḍanapratiṣṭhāpanam| yadi parasparānubhāṣaṇaṃ, tadā samyagarthahāniḥ| yathā potāvanyonyasambadvau samudravelāsamaye parasparasaṃgharṣeṇa dolāyamānau|



aparañca| sarve śabdā yadā mukhānnirgatāstadā naṣṭā eveti kathaṃ madvacanānubhāṣaṇam ?| atha śabdo vināśadharmā| apunarāgamanātpunarbhāṣaṇamaśakyam| atha śabdaḥ sthitiśīlastadānubhāṣaṇamaśakyaṃ, nityatvāt| naṣṭa iti cen, na kiñcidanubhāṣitavyaṃ tadabhāvāt| śabdo naṣṭa iti cet, tvadanubhāṣaṇāyaitanme vacanamiti yadbhavān bravīti sa kutarka eva|



yad(bhavato)ktaṃ madvacanaṃ pūrva, [bhavata] khaṇḍanaṃ tu paścāditi tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate| yadi madvacanaṃ pūrvaṃ, khaṇḍanantu paścāditi tanyāyyam| kuta iti cen, madvacanaṃ pūrvaṃ bhavadvacanaṃ tu paścāditi| yadyasmadvacanaṃ paravartivacanaṃ khaṇḍayati, tato'smadartho viśiṣyate bhavadvacanasya tu hāniḥ| kiñca yadyucyate bhavatā sarvāṇi vacanāni pūrvavartīni khaṇḍanantu paravartīti, tadā bhavānapi pūrvameva vacanaṃ vadatīti paścātkhaṇḍanaṃ bhavet| yadi bhavadvacanasya pūrvavartitve'pi paścātkhaṇḍanaṃ nāsti, tarhi madvacanasya pūrvavartitve'pi, paścātkhaṇḍanaṃ na syāt| yacca khaṇḍanaṃ pūrvasya paravartīti svabhāvataḥ pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ na paścādasti| yadi svabhāvata eva pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ paścāt syāt, tadā pūrvaṃ paścādityubhe na syātām| tasmādyadbhavatoktaṃ pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ parabhāvīti tadayuktam| yadi svabhāvataḥ pūrvasya khaṇḍanaṃ na paścāt| hetvabhāvāt| tadā pūrvasyāpi khaṇḍanaṃ parabhāvi na bhavet| yadbhavatoktaṃ madvacanaṃ pūrvaṃ, khaṇḍanaṃ tu parabhāvi tanmithyā|



yadabhihitaṃ bhavatā, mayā hetvantaramuktamiti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate| yadi pūrvahetuṃ parityajya hetvantarapratiṣṭhāpanānnigrahasthānamāpadyate, tadā bhavān nigrahasthānamāpannaḥ| kathamiti ced, bhavatā pūrvahetuṃ parityajya hetvantarapratiṣṭhāpanāt| yadi hetvantarapratiṣṭhāpanādbhavato na nigrahasthānatvāpattistadā mamāpi tathā| kiñca maduktahetuto bhavaduktahetorbhedaḥ| yadyanyaṃ hetuṃ vadāmi tanmama nyāyyam| yadyanyaṃ hetuṃ na vadeyaṃ, tato bhavaddhetuṃ vadeyam| tato na pratipakṣatayā virodho'pi tvāvayostulyavacanataiva| yadi sadṛśa eva heturāvābhyāṃ pratiṣṭhāpitaḥ, tadā bhavānasmaddhetuṃ khaṇḍayatīti svahetumeva khaṇḍayati|



api ca yadi sarvāṇi vacanāni hetvantarāṇi syustadābhavaduktāni vacanānyapi hetvantarāṇi bhaveyuḥ| tataśca bhavato nigrahasthānāpattiḥ| atha vacanānyuccārayannapi na bhavān nigrāhyastarhi yadbhavatoktaṃ hetuṃ pratiṣṭhāpayannahaṃ nigrāhya iti tadayuktam|



yadbhavatoktamarthāntaraṃ vadāmīti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicāryaṃ nirdhāryate| anyā me pratijñā, anyā ca bhavata iti yattannyāyyameva| athāhaṃ bhavataḥ pratipakṣatayā virodhītyarthāntaraṃ bravīmi| yadi matamasmadartho bhavadarthādananyastadā'smadartho bhavadarthapratipakṣatayā na virudvo| yadi bhavānasmadarthaṃ khaṇḍayati, tarhi bhavataḥ svārthasyaiva khaṇḍanaṃ bhavet| yadarthāntaraṃ na tatsvayamarthāntarama| tasmānnāstyarthāntaram| yadi tvarthāntaraṃ svayamevārthāntaraṃ, na tadārthāntaram| tasmādyadbhavatoktamahamarthāntaraṃ vadāmīti na yuktam| aparañca yaduktaṃ sarvaṃ tadarthāntarañcettadā bhavaduktamapyarthāntaraṃ bhavet| yadi bhavaduktamarthāntaraṃ na bhavettadā yadbhavatā pratijñātaṃ sarvamarthāntaramiti tadayuktam|



yad (bhavato)ktamahaṃ pūrvacanādananyadvacanaṃ vadāmīti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate| asmatpratijñā bhavatpratijñāyāḥ pratipakṣabhāvena viruddhā| yadasmatpratijñā bhavatpratijñāyāḥ pratipakṣabhāvena virudvā, tannyāyyam| kuta iti cet| sarvatrāhaṃ bhavadarthakhaṇḍanārthaṃ vadāmi, tasmādasmadvacanamananyat| yadi mayārthāntaramuktaṃ, tarhi bhavatpratijñā'smadarthādanyā| yadyahamarthāntaraṃ vadāmi tadā bhavadarthaṃ vadāmi| evantāvannāhaṃ bhavadviruddo| tataśca yadi bhavān māṃ khaṇḍayati, tarhi svārthasyaiva khaṇḍanam|



anyacca| yathā mayā pūrvamuktamanityaḥ śabda iti| etāni vacanāni vināśasvabhāvāni kṣayasvabhāvāni ca| idānīmanyadvacanamuccaryate| tataśca yadbhavatoktaṃ bhavān pūrvavacanaṃ vadatīti tanmithyā|



aparañca| yadbhavatoktaṃ maduktamananyaditi| tatra yadyahamanyadvadāmi tadā tadanyayat| yadyahamananyadvadāmi tadananyat| yadyahaṃ tadvadaṃstanna sādhayituṃ śaknomi, tadā yadbhavatoktamananyaditi tadyuktam| yacca (bhavato)ktaṃ mayā sarvamuktaṃ nānujñāyata iti tadidānīṃ (bhavatā sārdhaṃ) vicārya nirdhāryate| sarvaṃ nānujñāyata iti yaduktaṃ bhavatā etadvacanaṃ sarvasminnantarbhavati na vā ?| yadi tāvatsarvasminnantarbhavati tadā bhavān svayaṃ svoktaṃ nānujānāti| yadi svayaṃ nānujānātyasmadarthaḥ svata eva siddho bhavedbhavavacanasya tu hāniḥ syāt| atha sarvasminnāntarbhavati tadā tasya sarvatvameva na syāt| yadi sarvatvameva na bhavet, tadā bhavatā yadananujñātaṃ tatsarvam| yadi sarvamananujñātaṃ tadā'smadartho bhavatā naivānanujñātaḥ| asmadarthaḥ siddho bhavatastu sarvasya pratiṣedhaḥ|



iti prathamaṃ prakaraṇam|