• Home
• Canon Text
• Romanized
• śāstrapiṭaka
• madhyamaka
• Saptadaśamaṃ prakaraṇam

Saptadaśamaṃ prakaraṇam

Technical Details

karmaphalaparīkṣā saptadaśamaṃ prakaraṇam |

atrāha - vidyata eva saṃsāraḥ, karmaphalasaṃbandhāśrayatvāt | yadi iha saṃtānāvicchedakrameṇa janmamaraṇaparaṃparayā hetuphalabhāvapravṛttyā saṃskārāṇāmātmano vā saṃsaraṇaṃ syāt, syāttadānīṃ karma phalasaṃbandhaḥ | yathāvarṇite saṃsārābhāve tu utpattyanantaravināśitvāccittasya karmākṣepakāle ca vipākasyāsadbhāvāt karmaphalasaṃbandhābhāva eva syāt | saṃsārasadbhāve tu sati iha kṛtasya karmaṇe janmāntare'pi vipākaphalasaṃbandhāt karmaṇāṃ phalasaṃbandho na virodhito bhavati | tasmādvidyata eva saṃsāraḥ karmaphalasaṃbandhāśrayatvāditi | kāni punastāni karmāṇi kiṃ vā tatphalamiti tatprabheda vivakṣayedamucyate -

ātmasaṃyamakaṃ cetaḥ parānugrāhakaṃ ca yat |
maitraṃ sa dharmastadbījaṃ phalasya pretya ceha ca ||1||

tatra āhitaḥ utpāditaḥ ahaṃmāno'sminnityātmā | skandhānupādāya prajñapyamānaḥ pudgalaātmetyucyate | cinoti upacinoti śubhamaśubhaṃ karma vipākadānasāmarthye niyamayatīti cetaḥ | cittaṃ manaḥ vijñānamiti tasyaiva paryāyāḥ | ātmānaṃ saṃyamayati viṣayeṣvasvatantrayati rāgādikleśavaśena pravṛttiṃ nivārayatītyātmasaṃyamakam | tadetadātmasaṃyamakaṃ kuśalaṃ cetaḥ prāṇātipātādiṣu pravṛtti vidhārakaṃ durgatigamanāddhārayatīti dharma ityucyate ||

dharmaśabdo'yaṃ pravacane tridhā vyavasthāpitaḥ | svalakṣaṇadhāraṇārthena kugatigamanavidhāraṇārthena pāñcagatikasaṃsāravidhāraṇārthena | tatra svalakṣaṇadhāraṇārthena sarve sāsravā anāsravāśca dharmā ityucyante | kugatigamanavidhāraṇārthena daśakuśalādayo dharmā ityucyante |

dharmacārī sukhaṃ śete asmiṃlloke paratra ca ||

pāñcagatikasaṃsāragamanavidhāraṇārthena nirvāṇe dharma ityucyate, dharmaṃ śaraṇaṃ gacchatītyatra| iha tu kugatigamanavidhāraṇārthenaiva dharmaśabdo'bhipretaḥ ||

kiṃ punarātmasaṃyamakamevaikaṃ cetaḥ dharma iti ? netyāha | kiṃ tarhi parānugrāhakaṃ ca maitraṃ ca yaccetaḥ, asāvapi dharmaḥ | maitramityatra caśabdo luptanirdiṣṭo veditavyaḥ | tatra paramanugṛhṇātīti parānugrāhakaṃ cetaḥ, catuḥsaṃgrahavastupravṛttaṃ bhayaparitrāṇapravṛttaṃ ca yaccetaḥ, asāvapi dharmaḥ | mitre bhavamaviruddhaṃ sattveṣu yaccetaḥ, tanmaitraṃ cetaḥ | maitraṃ yaccetaḥ , tanmaitracetaḥ, maitramevaṃ vā | yaccaitat trividhaṃ ceto nirdiṣṭam, sa dharma ityucyate| viparyayādadharmo yojyaḥ ||

yaccaitannirdiṣṭaprabhedaṃ cetaḥ, tadbījaṃ phalasya | asādhāraṇaṃ phalābhinirvṛttau yatkāraṇam, tadeva bījamityucyate | tadyathā śālyaṅkurasya śālibījam | yattu sādhāraṇaṃ kṣityādi na tadbījaṃ kāraṇametat | yathaitadevam, ihāpi iṣṭasya vipākasyābhinirvṛttau trividhaṃ ceto bhavati bījam | puruṣakārādayastu kāraṇameva ||

kasmin punaḥ kāle bījasya phalaniṣpattirityāha - pretya ceha ca | pretyeti adṛṣṭe janmani, iheti dṛṣṭe janmanītyarthaḥ | etacca āgamādvistareṇa boddhavyam ||1||

evaṃ tāvat cittātmakamevaikaṃ dharmaṃ vyavasthāpya punarapi dvividhaṃ bhagavatā -
cetanā cetayitvā ca karmoktaṃ paramarṣiṇā |

paramārthadarśanādṛṣiḥ | paramaścāsau ṛṣiśceti paramarṣiḥ sarvākāratayā paramārthagamanāt śrāvakapratyekabuddhabhyo'pi utkṛṣṭatvāt paramarṣiḥ saṃbuddho bhagavān | tena paramarṣiṇā cetanā karma, cetayitvā ca karmetyuktaṃ sūtre ||

yaccaitad dvividhaṃ karmoktam -

tasyānekavidho bhedaḥ karmaṇaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ||2||

kathaṃ kṛtvā?

tatra yaccetanetyuktaṃ karma tanmānasaṃ smṛtam |
cetayitvā ca yattūktaṃ tattu kāyikavācikam ||3||

manasi bhavaṃ mānasam | manodvāreṇaiva niṣṭhāgamanāt kāyavākpravṛttinirapekṣatvācca manovijñāna saṃprayuktaiva cetanā mānasaṃ karmetyucyate | tatraśabdo nirdhāraṇe | yattu dvitīyaṃ cetayitvā ca karmetyuktam, tatpunaḥ kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ ca veditavyam | evaṃ ca evaṃ ca kāyavāgbhyāṃ pravartiṣye ityevaṃ cetasā saṃcintya yat kriyate, taccetayitvā karmetyucyate | tatpunardvividham, kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ ca | kāyavāco rbhavatvāt taddvāreṇa ca niṣṭhāgamanāt | evaṃ ca trividham - kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ca ||3||

etadapi trividhaṃ karma punarbhidyamānaṃ saptavidhaṃ saṃjāyate, ityevaṃ tasya karmaṇo bhagavatā bahuprakāro bhedo'nuvarṇitaḥ | kathaṃ kṛtvā ?

vāgviṣpando'viratayo yāścāvijñaptisaṃjñitāḥ |
avijñaptaya evānyāḥ smṛtā viratayastathā ||4||

paribhogānvayaṃ puṇyamapuṇyaṃ ca tathāvidham |
cetanā ceti saptaite dharmāḥ karmāñjanāḥ smṛtāḥ ||5||

tatra vyaktavarṇoccāraṇaṃ vāk | viṣpandaḥ śarīraṃceṣṭā | tatra kuśalākuśalā vā vāk sarvaiva viratyaviratilakṣaṇā vijñaptisamutthāpikā sāmānyena vāgiti gṛhyate | evaṃ kuśalo'kuśalo vā viratyaviratilakṣaṇo vijñaptisamutthāpako viṣpandaḥ sāmānyena gṛhyate || yathā caitadvijñapterdvidhā bhedaḥ, evamavijñapterapi | aviratilakṣaṇā avijñaptayaḥ viratilakṣaṇāśceti kṛtvā | tatra aviratilakṣaṇā avijñaptayaḥ tadyathā adyaprabhṛti mayā prāṇinaṃ hatvā cauryaṃ kṛtvā jīvikā parikalpayitavyeti pāpakarmābhyupagamātprabhṛti tadakāriṇo'pi akuśalakarmābhyupagamahetukāḥ satatasamitamavijñaptayaḥ samupajāyante | kaivartādīnāṃca jālādiparikarmakālātprabhṛti tadakāriṇāmapi yā avijñaptaya upajāyante, tā etā aviratilakṣaṇā avijñaptaya ityucyante | yathā caitāstathā anyāḥ viratilakṣaṇāḥ kuśalasvabhāvā avijñaptayaḥ | tadyathā - adyaprabhṛti prāṇātipātādibhyaḥ prativiramāmīti kāyavāgvijñaptiparisamāptikāla kṣaṇātprabhṛti taduttarakālaṃ pramattādyavasthasyāpi yāḥ kuśalopacayasvabhāvā avijñaptaya upajāyante, tā etā viratilakṣaṇā avijñaptaya ityucyante | etā rūpakriyāsvabhāvā api satyo vijñaptivat parānna vijñāpayantītyavijñaptayaḥ ||

tathā paribhogānvayaṃ puṇyam, kuśalamityarthaḥ | paribhogena anvayaḥ asyeti paribhogānvayam | paribhogaḥ parityaktasya vastunaḥ saṃghādibhirupabhogaḥ | anvayaḥ anugamaḥ | dāyakasaṃtānajaḥ kuśalopacaya ityarthaḥ ||

apuṇyaṃ ca tathāvidham, paribhogānvayamityarthaḥ | tadyathā devakulādipratiṣṭhāpanam , yatra sattvā hanyante | yathā yathā hi tatkīrtau prāṇino hanyante, tathā tathā taddevakulādyupabhogāt tatkartṛṇāṃ saṃtāne paribhogānvayamapuṇyamapi jāyate , ityevamapuṇyaṃ ca tathāvidhaṃ bhavati ||

cittābhisaṃskāramanaskarmalakṣaṇā cetanā ceti ||

saṃkṣepeṇa etatsaptavidhaṃ karma bhavati - kuśalākuśalā vāk, kuśalākuśalo viṣpandaḥ, kuśalamavijñaptilakṣaṇam, akuśalamavijñaptilakṣaṇam, paribhogānvayaṃ puṇyam, paribhogānvayamapuṇyam, cetanā ceti ||

ete ca sapta dharmāḥ karmāñjanāḥ karmatvenābhivyaktāḥ karmalakṣaṇāḥ smṛtāḥ ||5||

atraike paricodayanti - yadetat karma bahuvidhamuktam, tat kimā vipākakālādavatiṣṭhate, atha na tiṣṭhati utpattyanantaravināśitvāt? yadi tāvat -

tiṣṭhatyā pākakālāccetkarma tannityatāmiyāt |
niruddhaṃ cenniruddhaṃ satkiṃ phalaṃ janayiṣyati ||6||

yadi utpannaṃ sat karma āvipākakālaṃ svarūpeṇāvatiṣṭhate iti parikalpyate, tad iyantaṃ kālamasya nityatā āpadyate vināśarahitatvāt | paścādvināśasadbhāvānna nityatvamiti cet, naitadevam, pūrvaṃ vināśarahitasya ākāśādivat paścādapi vināśena saṃbandhābhāvāt | vināśarahitasya ca asaṃskṛtatvaprasaṅgāt, asaṃskṛtānāṃ ca vipākādarśanāt, avipākatvena sadaivāvasthānāt nityatābhyupagama eva karmaṇāmupapadyate | ityevaṃ tāvannityatve doṣaḥ | atha utpādānantaravināśitvameva karmaṇāmabhyupetam, nanu evaṃ sati -

niruddhaṃ cenniruddhaṃ sat kiṃ phalaṃ janayiṣyati |

abhāvībhūtaṃ sat karma avidyamānasvabhāvatvānnaiva phalaṃ janayiṣyatītyabhiprāyaḥ ||6||

tatraike nikāyāntarīyāḥ parihāraṃ varṇayanti - utpattyanantaravināśitvātsaṃskārāṇām, anityatvadoṣastāvadasmākaṃ nopapadyate | yaccāpyuktam -

niruddhaṃ cenniruddhaṃ sat kiṃ phalaṃ janayiṣyati |

iti, atrāpi parihāraṃ brūmaḥ -
yo'ṅkuraprabhṛtirbījātsaṃtāno'bhipravartate |
tataḥ phalamṛte bījātsa ca nābhipravartate ||7||

iha bījaṃ kṣaṇikamapi sat svajātīyabhāviphalaviśeṣaniṣpattisāmarthyaviśeṣayuktasyaiva saṃtānasya aṅkurakāṇḍanālapatrādyabhidhānasya hetubhāvamapyupagamya nirudhyate | yaścāyamaṅkuraprabhṛtirbījātsaṃtānaḥ pravartate, tasmāt krameṇa sahakārikāraṇavaikalye sati svalpādapi hetorvipulaphalapracaya upajāyate | ṛte bījāt vinā bījāt sa ca aṅkurādisaṃtānaḥ nābhipravartate | tadevaṃ tadbhāve bhāvitvena tadabhāve ca abhāvitvena bījahetukatvamaṅkurādisaṃtānasya phalasyopadarśitaṃ bhavati ||7||

tadevam -
bījācca yasmātsaṃtānaḥ saṃtānācca phalodbhavaḥ |
bījapūrvaṃ phalaṃ tasmānnocchinnaṃ nāpi śāśvatam ||8||

yadi iha bījamaprasūya aṅkurādisaṃtānaṃ jvālāṅgārādivirodhipratyayasāṃnidhyānnirudhyeta, tadā tatra kāryasaṃtānapravṛttyadarśanāt syāducchedadarśanam | yadi ca bījaṃ na nirudhyeta, aṅkurādisaṃtānaśca pravarteta, tadā bījasyānirodhābhyupagamācchāśvatadarśanaṃ syāt, na caitadevam, ityato nāsti bījasya śāśvatocchedadarśanaprasaṅgaḥ ||8||

yathā ca bīje ayaṃ kramo'nuvarṇitaḥ, evam -
yastasmāccittasaṃtānaścetaso'bhipravartate |
tataḥ phalamṛte cittātsa ca nābhipravartate ||9||

tasmāt kuśalākuśalacetanāviśeṣasaṃprayuktāccittād yaḥ cittasaṃtānastaddhetukaḥ pravartate, tasmāt kuśalākuśalacetanāparibhāvitāccittasaṃtānāt sahakārikāraṇasaṃnidhānāvaikalye sati iṣṭamaniṣṭaṃ phalamupajāyate sugatidurgatiṣu | ṛte tu taccitāt cittamantareṇa sa ca nābhipravartate ||9||

tadevam -
cittācca yasmātsaṃtānaḥ saṃtānācca phalodbhavaḥ |
karmapūrvaṃ phalaṃ tasmānnocchinnaṃ nāpi śāśvatam ||10||

yadi arhaccaramacittamiva taddhetuphalapāraṃparyāvicchinnakramavartino bhāvinaścittasaṃtānasya hetubhāvamanupagamya kuśalaṃ cittaṃ nirudhyeta, tadā ucchinnaṃ tatkarma syāt | athāpi anāgata saṃtānasya hetubhāvamupagamya svarūpādapracyutaṃ syāt, syāttadānīṃ karma śāśvatam | na caitadevamiti | tasmāt kṣaṇikakarmābhyupagame'pi nāsti ucchedaśāśvatadarśanadvayaprasaṅga iti ||10||

tadatra yathoditakarmaprabhedavyākhyāne daśa kuśalāḥ karmapathā vyākhyātāḥ | te ca -

dharmasya sādhanopāyāḥ śuklāḥ karmapathā daśa |
phalaṃ kāmaguṇāḥ pañca dharmasya pretya ceha ca ||11||

ta ete daśa kuśalāḥ karmapathā dharmasya sādhanopāyā niṣpattihetubhūtā ityarthaḥ ||

kaḥ punarasau kuśalakarmapathavyatirikto dharmo nāma, yasyaite sādhanopāyatvena vyavasthāpyante? ucyate | cittaviśeṣa eva kaścit dharmaśabdenoktaḥ ||

ātmasaṃyamakaṃ cetaḥ parānugrāhakaṃ ca yat |
maitraṃ sa dharmaḥ

ityanena | athavā | pariniṣṭhitarūpā ete daśa kuśalāḥ karmapathā dharmaśabdavācyā bhavanti, kriyamāṇarūpāstu kuśalakarmapathavācyā bhavanti | tadasya uktalakṣaṇasya ete daśa kuśalāḥ karmapathā niṣpattau hetutvena vyavasthāpyante | kathaṃ punaratra prakrānte karmavibhāge daśa kuśalāḥ karmapathā iti ? ucyate -

vāgviṣpando'viratayo yāścāvijñaptisaṃjñitāḥ |

ityādinā kāyikāsrayaḥ karmapathāḥ vācikāścatvāro vyākhyātāḥ| cetanā cetyanena abhidhyāvyāpāda samyagdṛṣṭayākhyāsrayo mānasā vyākhyātāḥ | ityevaṃ daśāpi kuśalāḥ karmapathā atra vyākhyātāḥ | te ca yathoditasya dharmasya niṣpattihetavo bhavanti | asya ca dharmasya rūpaśabdagandharasaspraṣṭavyalakṣaṇāḥ pañca kāmaguṇāḥ | pretya ca adṛṣṭe paraloke ityarthaḥ, iha ceti ihaloke ityarthaḥ, phalamupabhujyate iti ||11||

evaṃ tāvadaikanikāyikairākṣepaparihāre varṇite sati, tān prati apare doṣamudbhāvya anyākṣepaparihāraṃ varṇayantaḥ āhuḥ -

bahavaśca mahāntaśca doṣāḥ syurapi kalpanā |
yadyeṣā tena naivaiṣā kalpanātropapadyate ||12||

yadi bījāṅkurasādharmyeṇa cittasaṃtāne śāśvatocchedadarśanadvayadoṣaprasaṅgaparihāraḥ syāt, tadā bahavaśca doṣāḥ saṃkhyābahutvena mahāntaśca dṛṣṭādṛṣṭavirodhena parapakṣe prāpruvanti | kathaṃ kṛtvā? yadi hi bījasaṃtānadṛṣṭāntena śālibījāt śālyaṅkurādisaṃtāna eva pravartate, na vijātīyaḥ, śālyaṅkurādisaṃtānācca śāliphalameva upajāyate, na bilvaphalam, bhinnajātīyatvāt, evamihāpi kuśalacittāt kuśalacittasaṃtāna eva syāt, samānajātīyatvāt, na akuśalāvyākṛtacitta saṃtānaḥ, vijātīyatvāt | evamakuśalāvyākṛtacittādakuśalāvyākṛtacittasaṃtāna eva syānnānyaḥ, bhinnajātīyatvāt | kāmarūpārūpyāvacarānāsravacittebhyaḥ sadṛśānāmeva cittānāṃ kāmarūpārūpyāva carānāsravāṇāmutpādaḥ syāt, na bhinnajātīyānām | manuṣyacittānmanuṣyacittameva syānna devanārakatiryagādyanyacittam | tataśca yo devaḥ sa deva eva syāt, yo manuṣyaḥ sa manuṣya eva syādityādi | tataśca akuśalamapi kurvatāṃ devamanuṣyāṇāṃ gatiyonivarṇabuddhīndriyabalarūpabhogādi vaicitryaṃ na syādapāyapatanaṃ ca | iṣyate caitatsarvamiti | evaṃ bahavaśca mahāntaśca doṣā yasmādbīja saṃtānasādharmyakalpanāyāṃ prasajyante, tasmānnaiṣā kalpanā atropapadyate || 12||

imāṃ punaḥ pravakṣyāmi kalpanāṃ yātra yojyate |
buddhaiḥ pratyekabuddhaiśca śrāvakaiścānuvarṇitām ||13||
kā cāsau kalpanetyāha -
patraṃ yathāvipraṇāśastatharṇamiva karma ca |
caturvidho dhātutaḥ sa prakṛtyāvyākṛtaśca saḥ ||14||

iha kuśalaṃ karma kṛtaṃ sat utpādānantarameva nirudhyate, na ca tasminniruddhe phalābhāvaprasaṅgaḥ | yasmād yadaiva tatkarma utpadyate, tadā etasya karmaṇo'vipraṇāśo nāma viprayukto dharmaḥ kartuḥ saṃtāne samupajāyate ṛṇapatrasthānīyaḥ | tadevaṃ patraṃ yathā avipraṇāśaḥ tathā veditavyaḥ | yasya ca asau avipraṇāśākhyo dharma utpadyate, ṛṇamiva tatkarma veditavyam | yathā ca ṛṇapatrāvasthānāt prayukte'pi dhane dhanino na dhananāśo bhavati, saṃbadhyata eva sa kālāntareṇa pañcamena dhanaskandhena, tathā vinaṣṭe'pi karmaṇi avipraṇāśākhyadharmāntarāvasthānāt tannimittakena phalena abhisaṃbadhyata eva kartā | yathā ca ṛṇapatraṃ dāturdhanābhyāgamaṃ kṛtvā nirmuktaṃ sat punarapi vidyamānaṃ vā avidyamānaṃ vā na dhanābhyāgame samartham, evamavipraṇāśo'pi dattavipākaḥ san vidyamāno vā avidyamāno vā na śaknoti nirmuktapatravat kartuḥ punarapi vipākasaṃbandhaṃ kartum ||

yaścāyamavipraṇāśo'smābhiruktaḥ sūtrāntaroktaḥ, caturvidho dhātutaḥ sa kāmarūpārūpyāvacarānā sravabhedāt, prakṛtyā avyākṛtaśca saḥ | kuśalākuśalatvena avyākaraṇādavyākṛta evāvipraṇāśaḥ | yadi asau akuśalānāṃ karmaṇāmakuśalaḥ syāt, tadā kāmaṃ vītarāgāṇāṃ na syāt | yadi ca kuśalānām , kuśalaḥ syāt, samucchinnakuśalamūlānāṃ sa na syāt | tasmāt prakṛtyavyākṛta evāsau ||14||

kiṃ ca |
prahāṇato na praheyo bhāvanāheya eva vā |

sa cāyamavipraṇāśaḥ prahāṇato na praheyaḥ | pārthagjanikāni karmāṇi darśanamārgeṇaiva prahīyante mā bhūdāryaḥ pṛthagjanakarmasamanvāgata iti | avipraṇāśastu tatkarmaprahāṇe'pi darśanamārgeṇa na prahīyate, kiṃ tu bhāvanāmārgeṇa vā tasyā prahāṇaṃ bhavati | dhātusamatikramaṇapraheya eveti vāśabdo vikalpārthaḥ ||

yataścaivamavipraṇāśaḥ karmavināśe'pi na naśyati, karmaprahāṇe'pi na prahīyate,

tasmādavipraṇāśena jāyate karmaṇāṃ phalam || 15||

yadi punarapi asya avipraṇāśasya karmaṇaḥ prahāṇena prahāṇātprahāṇataḥ prahāṇaṃ syāt karmaṇaśca saṃkrameṇa karmaṇo vināśena karmāntarasaṃmukhībhāvena vināśaḥ syāt, ko doṣaḥ syāditi? ucyate -

prahāṇataḥ praheyaḥ syātkarmaṇaḥ saṃkrameṇa vā |
yadi doṣāḥ prasajyeraṃstatra karmavadhādayaḥ ||16||

yadi darśanamārgeṇa pārthagjanikakarmavadavipraṇāśaḥ prahīyeta, tadā karmaṇo vināśa eva syāt | karmavināśācca āryāṇāmiṣṭāniṣṭakarmaphalavipākaḥ pūrvakarmaphalahetuko na syāt | akṛtasyaiva karmaṇaḥ phalodayaḥ syāt | karmaphalābhāvadarśanācca mithyādarśanaṃ syāditi | evaṃ karmavadhādayo doṣāḥ prasajyante prahāṇataḥ praheyatvābhyupagame sati avipraṇāśasya | evaṃ karmaṇaḥ saṃkrame'pi yojyam ||16||

sarveṣāṃ viṣabhāgānāṃ sabhāgānāṃ ca karmaṇām |
pratisaṃdhau sadhātūnāmeka utpadyate tu saḥ ||17 ||

bhinnajātīyāni karmāṇi viṣabhāgāni | sadṛśāni sabhāgāni | teṣāṃ sarveṣāmeva sabhāgānāṃ ca viṣabhāgānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ kāmarūpārūpyadhātupratisaṃdhiṣu sarvakarmāpamardanaḥ eka eva avipraṇāśa utpadyate | sa cāpi sadhātūnāṃ samānadhātukānāmeva utpadyate na viṣabhāgadhātukānām ||17||

karmaṇaḥ karmaṇo dṛṣṭe dharma utpadyate tu saḥ |
dviprakārasya sarvasya vipakke'pi ca tiṣṭhati ||18||

sa cāyamavipraṇāśākhyo dharmaḥ sarvasyaiva karmaṇaḥ cetanācetayitvāsvabhāvasya sāsravānāsravabhedena vā dviprakārabhinnasya dṛṣṭe dharme ihaiva janmani karmaṇaḥ karmaṇaḥ ekaiko'vipraṇāśa utpadyate | sa cāyamavipraṇāśo vipakke'pi vipāke nāvaśyaṃ nirudhyate, nirbhuktapatravacca vidyamāno'pi san na śaknoti punarapi vipaktum ||18||

phalavyatikramādvā sa maraṇādvā nirudhyate |
anāsravaṃ sāsravaṃ ca vibhāgaṃ tatra lakṣayet ||19||

tatra phalavyatikramānnirudhyate | yathoktam - bhāvanāheya eveti | maraṇānnirudhyate | yathoktam -
pratisaṃdhau sadhātūnāmeka utpadyate tu saḥ |iti |
sa cāyaṃ sāsravāṇāṃ sāsravaḥ, anāsravāṇāmanāsravaḥ ityevaṃ vibhāgaṃ lakṣayet ||19||

tadevam -
śūnyatā ca na cocchedaḥ saṃsāraśca na śāśvatam |
karmaṇo'vipraṇāśaśca dharmo buddhena deśitaḥ ||20||

yasmāt karma kṛtaṃ sat nirudhyate, na svabhāvenāvatiṣṭhate, tasmāt karmaṇaḥ svabhāvenāvasthānāt śūnyatā copapadyate | na caivaṃ karmaṇo'navasthānāducchedadarśanaprasaṅgaḥ, avipraṇāśaparigraheṇa karmavipākasadbhāvāt | vipākābhāve hi karmaṇaḥ ucchedadarśanaṃ syāt | avipraṇāśadharmasadbhāvāt bījasaṃtānasādharmyaparikalpanābhāvācca nānāgatijātiyonidhātubhedabhinnaśca pāñcagatikaḥ saṃsāro vicitraḥ siddho bhavati | na ca śāśvatavādaprasaṅgaḥ , karmaṇaḥ svarūpeṇāvasthānānabhyupagamāt | karmaṇāṃ ca avipraṇāśaḥ, avipraṇāśasadbhāvāt, iti | evaṃ niravaśeṣāvidyānidrāpagamādvibuddhena bhagavatā yasmādayaṃ dharmo deśitaḥ, tasmād yatpūrvaṃmuktaṃ pareṇa -

tiṣṭhatyā pākakālāccet karma tannityatāmiyāt |
niruddhaṃ cenniruddhaṃ sat kiṃ phalaṃ janayiṣyati || iti,

tadasmatpakṣe nopapadyate iti | tasmādasmābhirupavarṇitakalpanaiva nyāyyā iti ||20||

atrocyate- kimiha bhavanto gandharvanagaraprākārapatanātiśaṅkitayā atīvodvignāḥ tatparirakṣāpariśramāyāsamāpannāḥ, ye nāma yūyaṃ karmaṇyanupapadyamāne tatphalanimittaṃ vipravadadhvam? yadi hi karmaṇaḥ svarūpeṇaivotpādaḥ syāt, tasya āvipākamavasthānānnityatvaṃ syāt, vināśāducchedaḥ syāt | yadā tu karma naivotpadyate svabhāvaśūnyatvāt, tadā tasya kuto'vasthānaṃ vināśo vā, yata eṣā cintā syāt? atrāha -

karma notpadyate kasmāt
ācārya āha -
niḥsvabhāvaṃ yatastataḥ |
yasmānniḥsvabhāvaṃ karma tasmānnotpadyate | yadi khalvevaṃ niḥsvabhāvatvātkarma notpadyate, tat kathameva muktaṃ bhagavatā -

na praṇaśyanyi karmāṇi kalpakoṭiśatairapi |
sāmagrīṃ prāpya kālaṃ ca phalanti khalu dehinām ||iti ?

ucyate -

yasmācca tadanutpannaṃ na tasmādvipraṇaśyati ||21||

ityevaṃ bhagavato'bhiprāya iti | ato nāyamasmākaṃ bādhako vidhiriti |21||

avaśyaṃ caitadevaṃ vijñeyam- niḥsvabhāvaṃ karmeti | anyathā hi -

karma svabhāvataścetsyācchāśvataṃ syādasaṃśayam |
akṛtaṃ ca bhavetkarma kriyate na hi śāśvatam ||22||

yadi hi karma svabhāvataḥ syāt, muktasaṃśayaṃ tacchāśvataṃ syāt, svabhāvasyānyathābhāvābhāvāt | tataśca akṛtameva karma bhavet | kartuḥ svatantrasya kriyayā yadīpsitatamaṃ tatkarma | etacca na yujyate | kiṃ kāraṇam ? yasmāt kriyate na hi śāśvatam | śāśvataṃ hi nāma tad yadvidyamānasattākam | yacca vidyamānaṃ tasya karaṇānupapatteḥ tannaiva kāraṇamapekṣata iti ||22||

śubhāśubhe karmaṇi akṛta eva sakalasya lokasya vipāko yasmāt, tataśca -

akṛtābhyāgamabhayaṃ syātkarmākṛtakaṃ yadi |
abrahmacaryavāsaśca doṣastatra prasajyate ||23||

yadi hi akṛtaṃ karma bhavet, tadā akṛtābhyāgamabhayaṃ syāt | yenāpi hi prāṇātipātā, dikaṃ na kṛtam, tasyāpi akṛtamapi sat tat karma astyeveti tenāpyasya saṃbandhādakṛtābhyāgamabhayaṃ syāt | abrahmacaryavāsaśca tatra pakṣe prāpnoti | kiṃ kāraṇam? pariśuddhabrahmacaryavāsānna kasyacinnirvāṇena bhavitavyaṃ syāt ||23||

kiṃ cātaḥ?

vyavahārā virudhyante sarva eva na saṃśayaḥ |
puṇyapāpakṛtornaiva pravibhāgaśca yujyate ||24||

ye hi ete kṛṣivāṇijyagorakṣādayaḥ kriyārambhāḥ phalārthamārabhyante, teṣāṃ sarveṣāmakṛtānāmeva vidyamānatvāt prārambhavaiyarthyaṃ syāt | ghaṭaṃ kuru, paṭaṃ kuru, ityevamādayaśca sarva eva laukikavyavahārā virudhyante, ghaṭādīnāṃ sarveṣāmeva vidyamānatvāt | puṇyakṛdayam, pāpakṛdayam, iti ca pravibhāgo na prāpnoti, ubhayorapi puṇyapāpakṛtoḥ akṛtayorapi puṇyapāpayoḥ pratyekaṃ vidyamānatvāt || 24||

kiṃ ca -
tadvipakkavipākaṃ ca punareva vipakṣyati |
karma vyavasthitaṃ yasmāttasmātsvābhāvikaṃ yadi ||25||

vipakkavipākasyāpi karmaṇaḥ punarvipākadānamāpadyate svarūpādapracyutatvāt, avipakka vipākāvasthāyāmiva | tadevaṃ yadi karma svābhāvikamiti manyase, yasmāt tatkarma vyavasthitamasti tasmānniḥsaṃśayaṃ yathopavarṇitā doṣāḥ prāpnuvanti sasvabhāvatve | tasmānniḥsvabhāvaṃ karma, yataśca niḥsvabhāvaṃ karma, tasmācchāśvatocchedadarśanaprasaṅgo naivāsmākamevaṃ vyācakṣamāṇānāmāpadyate iti ||25||

atrāha - vidyata eva svabhāvataḥ karma, tatkāraṇasadbhāvāt | iha yannāsti, na tasya kāraṇamasti [kūrma] romakūpaprāvārasyeva | asti ca karmaṇaḥ kāraṇaṃ kleśāḥ | avidyāpratyayāḥ saṃskārāḥ, upādānapratyayo bhavaḥ, iti vacanāt | tasmādvidyata eva karma svabhāvataḥ iti | ucyate | ayuktameva | kiṃ kāraṇam? yasmāt -

karma kleśātmakaṃ cedaṃ te ca kleśā na tattvataḥ |
na cette tattvataḥ kleśāḥ karma syāttattvataḥ katham ||26||

ihedaṃ karma kleśātmakaṃ kleśahetukam | te ca kleśāstattvato na santi | vakṣyati hi-

śubhāśubhaviparyāsān saṃbhavanti pratītya ye |
te svabhāvānna vidyante tasmātkleśā na tattvataḥ ||iti |

tadevaṃ tāvat na tattvataḥ kleśāḥ, taddhetukaṃ karma tadānīṃ kutastattvato bhaviṣyati ? tasmānnāsti karma svabhāvataḥ ||26||

atrāha - vidyanta eva kleśā karmāṇi ca, tatkāryasadbhāvāt | iha hi kleśakarmaṇāṃ dehākhyaṃ kāryamupalabhyate | yasya ca kāryamupalabhyate tadasti, avidyamānasya khapuṣpādeḥ kāryādarśanāt iti | ucyate | syuḥ kleśāḥ karmāṇi ca, yadi tatkāryaṃ dehā vidyeran | na tu vidyante ityāha -

karma kleśāśca dehānāṃ pratyayāḥ samudāhṛtāḥ |
karma kleśāśca te śūnyā yadi deheṣu kā kathā ||27||

yathā karma kleśāśca śūnyāḥ, tathā pratipāditam | tataśca karma kleśā yadā na santi, tadā tatkāryāṇāṃ dehānāmasattve kā kathā bhaviṣyati? nāstitvaṃ teṣāṃ pūrvameva siddhaṃ yasmāt, tasmānnānna kaścidvaktavyaviśeṣo'stītyabhiprāyaḥ ||27||

atrāha - vidyata eva svabhāvataḥ karma , tatphalabhoktṛsadbhāvāt | yannāsti, na tasya phalopabhoktāsti, tadyathā gaganacūtaphalasyeti | asti ca karmaṇaḥ phalopabhoktā -

avidyānivṛto jantustṛṣṇāsaṃyojanaśca saḥ |
sa bhoktā sa ca na karturanyo na ca sa eva saḥ ||28||

tatra avidyā ajñānaṃ tamaḥ saṃmoha iti paryāyāḥ | avidyayā nivṛtaśchāditaḥ | pāñcagatika saṃsāre punaḥ punarjāyata iti jantuḥ | sattvaḥ pudgalaḥ prāṇīti tasyaiva paryāyāḥ | tṛṣṇā rāgaḥ saktirvisaktiśceti paryāyāḥ | saṃyojanaṃ bandhanam | tṛṣṇā saṃyojanamasyeti tṛṣṇāsaṃyojanaḥ tṛṣṇābandhana ityarthaḥ | yathoktaṃ sūtre - avidyānivṛtāḥ sattvāstṛṣṇāsaṃyojanāḥ iti | atha ca punaridaṃ pāpaṃ karma svayameva kṛtam, asya svayameva vipākaḥ pratyanubhavitavyaḥ iti vacanāt | sa ca bhoktā karmaphalasya | sa ca na karturanyaḥ, na ca sa eva saḥ | tattvānyatvāvācyatvāt | tasmāt phalopabhoktṛsadbhāvādastyeva karmeti ||28||

atrocyate - syātkarmaṇaḥ kartā karmaphalasya copabhoktā yadi karmaiva syāt | na tvasti | kathaṃ kṛtvā?

na pratyayasamutpannaṃ nāpratyayasamutthitam |
asti yasmādidaṃ karma tasmātkartāpi nāstyataḥ ||29||
karma cennāsti kartā ca kutaḥ syātkarmajaṃ phalam |
asatyatha phale bhoktā kuta eva bhaviṣyati ||30||

yadi karma nāma kiṃcitsyāt, tat pratyayasamutpannaṃ vā bhavet, apratyayasamutpannaṃ vā? yadi tāvat pratyayasamutpannamiṣyate, tanna yuktam, pratyayaparīkṣāyāmuktadoṣatvāt | atha apratyayajanitaṃ nirhetukam, tadapi - hetāvasati kāryaṃ ca kāraṇaṃ ca ityādinā karmakārakaparīkṣāyāṃ vistareṇa pratipāditam | yataścaivaṃ pratyayasamutpannaṃ vā apratyayasamutpannaṃ vā karmedaṃ na saṃbhavati, tasmādasya karmaṇaḥ kartāpi na saṃbhavati | yadā caivaṃ karma ca kartā ca nāsti, tadā nirhetukaṃ karmajaṃ phalaṃ kuto bhaviṣyatīti, asati ca phale kuta eva phalabhoktā bhaviṣyatīti, sarvametat svabhāvato'saṃvidyamānameveti vijñeyam ||

atrāha - yadi evaṃ naiḥsvābhāvyaṃ bhāvānāṃ vyavasthāpitaṃ bhavati, yattarhi etaduktaṃ bhagavatā -svayaṃ kṛtasya karmaṇaḥ svayameva vipākaḥ pratyanubhavitavyaḥ iti, tadetat sarvamamunā nyāyena apākṛtaṃ bhavati | karmaphalāpavādācca pradhānanāstiko bhavāniti | ucyate | na vayaṃ nāstikāḥ | astitvanāstitvadvayavādanirāsena tu vayaṃ nirvāṇapuragāminamadvayapathaṃ vidyotayāmaḥ | na ca karmakartṛphalādikaṃ nāstīti brūma, kiṃ tarhi niḥsvabhāvametaditi vyavasthāpayāmaḥ | atha manyase - niḥsvabhāvānāṃ bhāvānāṃ vyāpārakaraṇānupapatteḥ tadavastha eva doṣa iti, etadapi nāsti | sasvabhāvānāmeva vyāpārādarśanāt | niḥsvabhāvānāmeva vyāpāradarśanāt | tathāhi niḥsvabhāvā eva santo ghaṭādayaḥ loke svakāryakṛt upalabhyante ||30||

api ca | amuṣmād dṛṣṭāntāt spaṣṭatarādayamartho'vasīyatām -

yathā nirmitakaṃ śāstā nirmimītarddhisaṃpadā |
nirmito nirmimītānyaṃ sa ca nirmitakaḥ punaḥ ||31||

tadyathā - ekaṃ nirmitakaṃ śāstā buddho bhagavān ṛddhisaṃpadā ṛddhiprabhāveṇa nirmimīta, sa cāpi nirmitakaḥ punaḥ yo'yaṃ buddhena bhagavatā nirmitaḥ, sa punarbhūyo'nyamaparaṃ nirmitakaṃ nirmimīta | tatra ya eṣa nirmitakaḥ aparasya nirmitakasya nirmātā, sa śūnyaḥ niḥsvabhāvaḥ, tathāgatasvabhāvarahita ityarthaḥ | yaścāyamaparo nirmitakaḥ, yonirmitakena nirmitaḥ, asāvapi śūnyo nisvabhāvaḥ, tathāgatasvabhāvarahita ityarthaḥ | yathātra niḥsvabhāvānāṃ nisvabhāvakāryakṛttvaṃ karmakartṛvyapadeśaśca bhavati,

tathā nirmitakākāraḥ kartā karma ca tatkṛtam |
tadyathā nirmitenānyo nirmito nirmitastathā ||32||

yo hyatra karmaṇaḥ kartā sa nirmitakākāraḥ svabhāvaśūnyaḥ | tena ca svabhāvaśūnyena svatantrakartrā yat kiṃcit karma kriyate, tadapi svabhāvaśūnyam | tadyathā nirmitakena anyo nirmitako nirmitaḥ tathā veditavyam | yathoktamāgame -
ekasya bhāṣamāṇasya sarve bhāṣanti nirmitāḥ |
ekasya tūṣṇīṃbhūtasya sarve tūṣṇīṃbhavanti hi ||

tasmādadvayavādināṃ mādhyamikānāṃ kuto mithyādarśanam? uktaṃ ca āryasamādhirāje -

yada sugatu kathāṃ katheti nātho
vīthigatān manujān kṛpāyamānaḥ |
nirmita jinu tatra nirminitva
vicarati teṣu praṇītabuddhadharmān ||

prāṇiśatasahasra taṃ śruṇitvā
praṇidadhayiṃsu varāgrabuddhajñāne |

kada vaya labhi jñānamevarūpaṃ
āśaya jñātva jino'sya vyākaroti ||

raśmi śatasahasra aprameyān
avasiri pādatalehi dharmarājā |
sarvi niraya śītalā bhavanti
dukhamapanīya sukhaṃ ca vedayanti ||
dharma daśabalaprabhāṣite'tra
marumanujāna viśuddha bhoti cakṣuḥ |

ityādi |
keci spṛha janenti tatra kāle
parama acintya tehi labdhalābhā |
yehi jinu nimantrito narendro
na ca pariyanta teṣu dakṣiṇāyā ||

ityādi vistaraḥ ||
tathā āryavimalakīrtinirdeśe -
tannirmitabodhisattvena gandhasugandhāyāṃ lokadhātau samantabhadratathāgatopabhuktaśeṣaṃ bhojanamānītaṃ nānāvyañjanakhādyādisaṃprayuktaṃ pṛthakpṛthagvividharasamekabhojanena sarvaṃ tacchrāvakabodhisattvasaṃgharājarājāmātyapurohitāntaḥ puradauvārikasārthavāhādijanapadaṃ saṃtarpya prītyākāraṃ nāma mahāsamādhiṃ lambhayāmāsa | iti ||

vinaye ca paṭhayate -
pāpabhikṣurapratirūpako bhagavatā bhikṣurabhinirmitaḥ | tadvacanena śīlavato'pi viśuddhipratijñāsaṃvāsaḥ prajñaptaḥ iti ||32||

na ca kevalaṃ nirmāṇadṛṣṭāntena naiḥsvabhāvyadarśanamupapadyamānarūpam, api ca amībhyo dṛṣṭāntebhyaḥ sphuṭaṃ naiḥsvabhāvyaṃ bhāvānāṃ pratīyatāmiti pratipādayannāha -

kleśāḥ karmāṇi dehāśca kartāraśca phalāni ca |
gandharvanagarākārā marīcisvapnasaṃnibhāḥ ||33||

tatra kleśā rāgādayaḥ, kliśnanti sattvacittasaṃtānānīti kṛtvā | karmāṇi kuśalākuśalāneñjyāni | dehāḥ śarīrāṇi | kartāraḥ ātmānaḥ | phalāni vipākādhipatyaniṣyandādīni | ta ete kleśādayo'rthāḥ gandharvanagarādivanniḥsvabhāvāḥ veditavyāḥ | tasmānmādhyamikānāmeva bhāvānāṃ svabhāvānabhyupagamācchāśvatocchedadarśanadvayaprasaṅgo nāstīti vijñeyam ||

atra ca karmaphalasaṃbandhavicāre kucodyaśeṣākṣepaparihāro madhyamakāvatārādvistareṇāvaseyaḥ ||

yathoktamāryaratnakūṭasūtre -

pañca ca bhikṣuśatāni dhyānalābhīni utthāyāsanebhyaḥ prakrāntāni imāṃ gambhīrāṃ dharmadeśanā manavabudhyamānāni anavataranti anavagāhamānāni anadhimucyamānāni | bhagavānāha - tathā hyete kāśyapa bhikṣavaḥ ābhimānikāḥ imāmanāsravāṃ śīlaviśuddhiṃ nāvataranti nāvagāhante nādhimucyante uttrasyanti saṃtrasyanti saṃtrāsamāpadyante | gambhīraḥ kāśyapa gāthābhinirhāro gambhīrā ca buddhānāṃ bhagavatāṃ bodhiḥ | sā na śakyā anavaropitakuśalamūlaiḥ sattvaiḥ pāpamitraparigṛhītairanadhimuktibahulairadhimoktum | api ca | etāni kāśyapa pañca bhikṣuśatāni kāśyapasya tathāgatasya pravacane'nyatīrthikaśrāvakā abhūvan | taireva tasya kāśyapasya tathāgatasyāntikādupālambhābhiprāyaireṣā dharmadeśanā śrutā | śrutvā ca ekacittaprasādo labdhaḥ | evaṃtairvāg bhāṣitā - āścaryaṃ yāvat madhurapriyamāṇī kāśyapastathāgato'rhan samyaksaṃbuddha iti | ta etenaikacittaprasādena pratilabdhena kālagatāḥ trāyastriṃśeṣu deveṣūpapannāḥ | te tataścyutāḥ samānāḥ ihopapannāḥ | tenaiva ca hetunā iha mama śāsane pravrajitāḥ | tānyetāni kāśyapa pañca bhikṣuśatāni dṛṣṭipraskandhāni imāṃ gambhīrāṃ dharmadeśanāṃ nāvataranti nāvagāhante nādhimucyante uttrasyanti saṃtrasyanti saṃtrāsamāpadyante kṛtaṃ punareṣāmanayā dharmadeśanayā parikarma | na bhūyo durgativinipātaṃ gamiṣyanti | ebhireva ca skandhaiḥ parinirvāsyanti ||

atha khalu bhagavānāyuṣmantaṃ subhūtimāmantrayate sma - gaccha subhūte, etān bhikṣūn saṃjñapatha | subhūtirāha - bhagavata eva tāvadete bhāṣitaṃ vilomayanti, kaḥ punarvādo mama? atha bhagavāṃstasyāṃ velāyāṃ yena mārgeṇaite bhikṣāvo gacchanti sma, tasmin mārge drau bhikṣū nirmimīte sma | atha tāni pañca bhikṣuśatāni yena mārgeṇa tau dvau bhikṣū nirmitakau tenopasaṃkrāmanti sma | upasaṃkramya etadavocan - kutra āyuṣmantau gamiṣyathaḥ? tāvavocatām - gamiṣyāva āvāmaraṇyāyataneṣu | tatra dhyānasukhasaṃsparśa- vihārairvihariṣyāvaḥ || tānyapi pañca bhikṣuśatānyetadavocan - vayamapyāyuṣmantau bhagavato dharmadeśanāṃ nāvatarāmo nāvagāhāmahe nādhimucyāmahe uttrasyāmaḥ saṃtrasyāmaḥ saṃtrāsamāpadyāmahe | tena vayamaraṇyāyataneṣu dhyānasukhasaṃsparśavihārairvihariṣyāma iti | nirmitakāvavocatām - tena hi āyuṣmantaḥ saṃgāsyāmo na vivadiṣyāmaḥ | avivādaparamo hi śramaṇadharmaḥ | yadidamāyuṣmanta ucyate parinirvāṇamiti, katamaḥ sa dharmo yaḥ parinirvāsyati? kaścitpunaratra kāyaḥ ātmā vā sattvo vā jīvo vā janturvā poṣo vā puruṣo vā pudgalo vā manujo vā mānavo va, yaḥ parinirvāsyati? kasya vā kṣayāt parinirvāṇam? te'vocan rāgadveṣamohakṣayāt parinirvāṇam | nirmitakāvavocatām - kiṃ punarāyuṣmatāṃ saṃvidyante rāgadveṣamohā yān kṣayiṣyatha? te'vocan - na te adhyātmaṃ na bahirdhā nobhayamantareṇopalabhyante, nāpi te aparikalpitā utpadyante |

ityācāryacandrakīrtipādoparacitāyāṃ prasannapadāyāṃ madhyamakavṛttau
karmaphalaparīkṣā nāma saptadaśamaṃ prakaraṇam ||