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Dvādaśamaṃ prakaraṇam

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duḥkhaparīkṣā dvādaśamaṃ prakaraṇam |

atrāha - vidyata eva ātmā, tatsaṃbandhiduḥkhasadbhāvāt | iha hi pañcopādānaskandhā duḥkhamityucyate, tacca asti, tena ca duḥkhena kasyacidbhavitavyaṃ na nirāśrayeṇeti, ato vidyata eva duḥkhasyāśrayaḥ, sa cātmeti | ucyate | syādātmā yadi duḥkhameva syāt | taddhi bhavet svayaṃ kṛtaṃ vā parakṛtaṃ vā ubhayakṛtaṃ vā heturahitaṃ vā | sarvathā ca iṣyamāṇaṃ tatkāryameva nāstīti pratipādayannāha -

svayaṃ kṛtaṃ parakṛtaṃ dvābhyāṃ kṛtamahetukam |
duḥkhamityeka icchanti tacca kāryaṃ na yujyate ||1||

tatraike vādinaḥ svayaṃ kṛtaṃ duḥkhamiti pratipannāḥ | apare punaḥ parakṛtam, anye ca ubhayakṛtam| kecidahetusamutpannameva duḥkhamiti pratipannāḥ | sarvathā ca tadduḥkhamiṣyamāṇaṃ kāryaṃ kartavyaṃ na yujyate, tadetatpratijñāmātrakamiti ||1||

tatpratipādayannāha -

svayaṃ kṛtaṃ yadi bhavetpratītya na tato bhavet |
skandhānimānamī skandhāḥ saṃbhavanti pratītya hi ||2||

yasmādimān maraṇāntikān skandhān pratītya ime aupapattyāṃśikāḥ skandhā utpadyante tasmātsvayaṃ kṛtaṃ duḥkhamiti nopapadyate ||2||

idānīṃ parakṛtamapi duḥkhaṃ yathā na saṃbhavati, tathā pratipādayannāha -
yadyamībhya ime'nye syurebhyo vāmī pare yadi |
bhavetparakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ parairebhiramī kṛtāḥ ||3||

yadā amībhyo maraṇāntikebhyaḥ skandhebhyaḥ ime aupapattyāṃśikāḥ skandhā anye syuḥ, ebhyo vā aupapattyāṃśikebhyaḥ amī maraṇāntikā skandhāḥ pare syuḥ, syāttadānīṃ parakṛtaṃ duḥkham | na caiṣāmanyatvaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ hetuphalasaṃbandhāvasthānāt | vakṣyati hi -

pratītya yadyadbhavati na hi tāvattadeva tat |
na cānyadapi tattasmānnocchinnaṃ nāpi śāśvatam ||iti |

ataḥ parakṛtamapi duḥkhaṃ na saṃbhavati | yadi hi anyatvaṃ syāt, tadā sati anyatve etaiḥ parabhūtaiḥ skandhairamī parabhūtāḥ kṛtā iti yuktaṃ vaktuṃ syāt | na caitadevam| iti parakṛtamapi duḥkhaṃ na saṃbhavati ||3||

atha syāt - na brūmo yasmādduḥkhenaiva duḥkhaṃ kṛtam, ataḥ svayaṃ kṛtamiti | kiṃ tarhi svapudgalena yasmātsvayameva kṛtam, nāpareṇa kṛtvā dattam, ityataḥ svayaṃ kṛtaṃ duḥkhamiti brūmaḥ | ucyate -

svapudgalakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ yadi duḥkhaṃ punarvinā |
svapudgalaḥ sa katamo yena duḥkhaṃ svayaṃ kṛtam ||4||

yadetanmanuṣyaduḥkhaṃ pañcopādānaskandhalakṣaṇaṃ svayaṃ pudgalena kṛtamiti parikalpyate, kalpyatā masau pudgalo yena tadduḥkhaṃ svayaṃ kṛtam | yadi tāvadyena duḥkhena svapudgalaḥ prajñapyate, tadeva duḥkhaṃ tena kṛtamiti, sa bhedena kathyatāmidaṃ tadduḥkhamayamasya karteti | athāpi manuṣyaduḥkhopādānena pudgalena tadeva duḥkhaṃ kṛtaṃ syāt, na tarhi svapudgalakṛtaṃ tat, parapudgalakṛtameva syāt | athopādānabhede'pi pudgalābheda iṣyate, etacca nāsti, upādānavyatiriktasya bhinnasya pudgalasya darśayitumaśakyatvāt | evaṃ tāvat svapudgalakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ na bhavati ||4||

atrāha - ka evamāha svapudgalakṛtaṃ duḥkhamiti? kiṃ tarhi parapudgalajaṃ duḥkham | anya eva devaduḥkhānmanuṣyapudgalaḥ, manuṣyapudgalaśca devaduḥkhaṃ kṛtvā yasmāddevapudgalāya dadāti, tena ca devaduḥkhena devapudgalaḥ prajñapyate, tasmāttasya pudgalasya tadduḥkhaṃ parapudgalajameva bhavati | ucyate -

parapudgalajaṃ duḥkhaṃ yadi yasmai pradīyate |
pareṇa kṛtvā tadduḥkhaṃ sa duḥkhena vinā kutaḥ ||5||

yadi devaduḥkhaṃ manuṣyapudgalakṛtam, tena ca manuṣyapudgalena tadduḥkhaṃ kṛtvā parasmai devapudgalāya pradīyata iti sa devapudgalo devaduḥkhavinirmuktaḥ kuto yasmai pradīyeteti | evaṃ tāvadaparapudgalajasya duḥkhasya pratigrāhaka eva nāsti ||5||

idānīṃ yaśca dadāti, asāvapi nāstītyāha -
parapudgalajaṃ duḥkhaṃ yadi kaḥ parapudgalaḥ |
vinā duḥkhena yaḥ kṛtvā parasmai prahiṇoti tat ||6||

yenopādānena sa manuṣyapudgalaḥ prajñapyate, sa manuṣyopādānavyatiriktaḥ katamo yo devapudgalāya devaduḥkhaṃ kṛtvā praheṣyati? tasmātparapudgalajamapi duḥkhaṃ na saṃbhavati ||6||

tataśca -
svayaṃkṛtasyāprasiddherduḥkhaṃ parakṛtaṃ kṛtaḥ |
paro hi duḥkhaṃ yatkuryāttattasya syātsvayaṃ kṛtam ||7||

yadi devapudgaladuḥkhaṃ manuṣyapudgalena kṛtatvātparakṛtaṃ bhavati, nanu, manuṣyapudgalasya svayaṃkṛtameva tadbhavati | etacca nāstītyuktam | tataḥ svayaṃkṛtasyāprasiddheryadā manuṣyapudgalena svayaṃ tadduḥkhaṃ na kṛtam, tadā kutaḥ parapudgalasya devākhyasya tadduḥkhaṃ parakṛtaṃ bhaviṣyatīti | ato'pi parakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ na saṃbhavati ||7||

idānīṃ prakaraṇāntareṇāpi pakṣadvayāsaṃbhavaṃ pratipādayannāha -

na tāvatsvakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ na hi tenaiva tatkṛtam |
paro nātmakṛtaścetsyādduḥkhaṃ parakṛtaṃ katham ||8||

itaśca svaparābhyāṃ duḥkhasya karaṇaṃ na yujyate, yasmānna tāvatsvakṛtaṃ duḥkham | kiṃ kāraṇam ? yasmānna tenaiva hi tat kṛtam, svātmani vṛttivirodhāt, ataḥ svakṛtaṃ nāsti | na parakṛtamapi, yasmādyo'sau paraḥ karotīti parikalpyate, sa eva tāvannātmanā kṛto nātmanā niṣpannaḥ tasyāpi hetvantarāpekṣaṇāt | yaśca svātmanā na niṣpannaḥ, sa kathamavidyamānasvabhāvaḥ san paraṃ kariṣyatīti na yuktametat ||8||

idānīmubhayakṛtamapi duḥkhamasadityāha -

syādubhābhyāṃ kṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ syādekaikakṛtaṃ yadi |

yadi hi ekaikena duḥkhasya karaṇaṃ syāt syāttadānīmubhābhyāṃ kṛtaṃ duḥkham | na caikaikakṛtaṃ tat, uktadoṣāt | na caikaikena prāṇātipāte kṛte dvābhyāṃ kṛta iti vyapadeśo dṛṣṭaḥ ||

idānīṃ nirhetukamapi duḥkhaṃ yathā nāsti, tathā pratipadayannāha -

parākārāsvayaṃkāraṃ duḥkhamahetukaṃ kutaḥ ||9||

pareṇa akāro akaraṇaṃ yasyeti parākāram | na svayaṃkāro'syetyasvayaṃkāram | yadi duḥkhaṃ svayaṃkṛtaṃ nāsti, parakṛtamapi nāsti yathoktena nyāyena, tadidānīṃ kuta eva nirhetukaṃ bhaviṣyati khapuṣpasaugandhyavat? duḥkhābhāvātkutastasyāśrayabhūta ātmā ||9||

yathā ca caturdhā vicāryamāṇaṃ duḥkhamasat, evaṃ bāhyā api bījāṅkuraghaṭapaṭādayo bhāvā veditavyāḥ, iti pratipādayannāha -

na kevalaṃ hi duḥkhasya cāturvidhyaṃ na vidyate |
sarveṣāṃ

bāhyānāmapi bhāvānāṃ cāturvidhyaṃ na vidyate ||10||

pūrvavatsarva samaṃ yojyam | yadi khalveṣāṃ duḥkhādīnāṃ cāturvidhyāsaṃbhavaḥ, tatkatamena tarhi idānīṃ prakāreṇa eṣāṃ siddhiriti | ucyate | svabhāvato yadi etāni duḥkhādīni syuḥ, niyatameṣāṃ caturṇāṃ prakārāṇāmanyatamena prakāreṇa siddhiḥ syāt | na tvasti | tasmātsvabhāvato na santi duḥkhādīnītyavasīyate | atha viparyāsamātralabdhātmasattākāyā duḥkhādisaṃvṛteḥ pratītyasamutpāda vyavasthā mṛgyate, tadā karmakārakaparīkṣāprakaraṇavihitavidhinā yathoditapakṣacatuṣṭayatiraskāreṇa idaṃpratyayatāmātrārthapratītyasamutpādasiddhayā siddhirabhyupeyā | yathoktam -

svayaṃkṛtaṃ parakṛtaṃ dvābhyāṃ kṛtamahetukam |
tārkikairiṣyate duḥkhaṃ tvayā tūktaṃ pratītyajam ||iti||

uktaṃ ca bhagavatā āryopālipṛcchāyām -

tathā

saṃvṛti bhāṣitu dharma jinena
saṃskṛta'saṃskṛta paśyatha eva |
nāstiha bhūtatu ātma naro vā
ettaku lakṣaṇa sarvajagasya ||

kṛṣṇaśubhaṃ ca na naśyati karma
ātmana kṛtva ca vedayitavyam |
no'pi tu saṃkrama karmaphalasya
no ca ahetuka pratyanubhoti ||
sarvi bhavā alikā vasikāśca
riktaka tucchaka phenasamāśca |
māyamarīcisamā sada śūnyā
deśituḥ saṃvṛtu te ca viviktāḥ ||
śailaguhāgiridurganadīṣu
yadva pratiśruka jāyi pratītya |
evimu saṃskṛta sarvi vijāna
māyamarīcisamaṃ jagu sarvam ||

ityādi ||10||

ityācāryacandrakīrtipādoparacitāyāṃ prasannapadāyāṃ madhyamakavṛttau
duḥkhaparīkṣā nāma dvādaśamaṃ prakaraṇam ||